航空发动机闭环起动系统设计及试验验证

针对某型航空发动机在使用过程中存在的地面起动性能不佳、需要频繁调整和空中起动边界较小的问题,提出一种在开环起动系统的基础上叠加供油修正系统后形成闭环起动系统的方法。在保证燃油接口不变的约束下,通过借用原有油源及增加电液转换指令相结合的方式改进设计了一种带燃油流量修正功能的起动装置,利用数字电子控制器的计算能力,采用基于转速升高率的PID控制算法实现了发动机的闭环起动。结果表明：在平原机场地面起动成功率达到99.8%,在高原机场地面起动不经调整或经过1次适应性调整就能保证发动机可靠起动,空中惯性起动包线左扩100 km/h,空中风车起动包线左扩50 km/h,大幅度提高了发动机的起动成功率,有效减少了因大气温度或海拔高度变化进行调整的工作。     

一种深度强化学习制导控制一体化算法

研究了一种基于深度强化学习理论的制导控制一体化算法。不同于传统的制导控制一体化算法和制导控制回路分开设计的方法,基于深度强化学习理论的制导控制一体化算法利用深度学习强化算法生成一个智能体,智能体根据导弹的观测量生成舵偏角控制指令准确拦截目标。首先将制导控制问题转化为一个马尔可夫决策过程,然后提出了一个权衡制导精度、能量损耗和飞行时间的奖励函数,将制导控制问题转化到强化学习问题的框架中。最后采用深度确定性策略梯度算法,求解提出的强化学习问题,训练得到制导控制智能体,智能体根据导弹观测量生成舵偏角指令。通过进行大量的数值模拟,验证了提出的制导控制一体化算法的有效性和鲁棒性。     

Two magnetars: SGR 1627–41 and 1E 1547–5408

We describe the results obtained with Target of Opportunity observations of the galactic sources SGR 1627–41 and 1E 1547–5408. These two transients show several similarities supporting the interpretation of Anomalous X-ray Pulsars and Soft Gamma-ray Repeaters as a single class of strongly magnetized neutron stars.     

Pilots for space tourism

This article sheds light on the key player needed for any space tourism adventure: the pilot who flies the spacecraft. The paper addresses the potential benefits of including a pilot at the controls when designing a space tourism spacecraft. It examines the basic qualifications and advanced skills required of space tourism pilots and discusses key training requirements for selected pilots and space pilots' pay and benefits. In addition, the research concludes that, just as the pioneers of passenger transport in aviation entertained and captured the interest of their passengers, the space pilot should have the skills of a tour guide.     

The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Miniature Radio Frequency (Mini-RF) Technology Demonstration

The Miniature Radio Frequency (Mini-RF) system is manifested on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) as a technology demonstration and an extended mission science instrument. Mini-RF represents a significant step forward in spaceborne RF technology and architecture. It combines synthetic aperture radar (SAR) at two wavelengths (S-band and X-band) and two resolutions (150 m and 30 m) with interferometric and communications functionality in one lightweight (16 kg) package. Previous radar observations (Earth-based, and one bistatic data set from Clementine) of the permanently shadowed regions of the lunar poles seem to indicate areas of high circular polarization ratio (CPR) consistent with volume scattering from volatile deposits (e.g. water ice) buried at shallow (0.1–1 m) depth, but only at unfavorable viewing geometries, and with inconclusive results. The LRO Mini-RF utilizes new wideband hybrid polarization architecture to measure the Stokes parameters of the reflected signal. These data will help to differentiate “true” volumetric ice reflections from “false” returns due to angular surface regolith. Additional lunar science investigations (e.g. pyroclastic deposit characterization) will also be attempted during the LRO extended mission. LRO’s lunar operations will be contemporaneous with India’s Chandrayaan-1, which carries the Forerunner Mini-SAR (S-band wavelength and 150-m resolution), and bistatic radar (S-Band) measurements may be possible. On orbit calibration, procedures for LRO Mini-RF have been validated using Chandrayaan 1 and ground-based facilities (Arecibo and Greenbank Radio Observatories).     

空间机器人在轨更换ORU的力/位混合控制方法

针对ORU在轨更换任务,首先推导了空间机械臂末端自由、末端与环境接触等情况下的动力学方程,并提出了相应的接触力计算方法;其次,改进了传统的R\|C控制方法,采用加权选择矩阵代替原有的选择矩阵,实现了力控制与位置控制之间的平滑切换;最后,开发了基于Matlab/Simulink的闭环控制仿真系统,该系统由多体动力学、接触动力学、轨迹规划、力/位混合控制、3D显示等模块组成。利用该系统开展了ORU转移与安装过程的闭环控制仿真,仿真结果校验了所提方法的有效性。     

The Brazilian scientific microsatellite SACI-1

The National Space Research Institute (INPE) is developing the first Brazilian Scientific Microsatellite (SACI-1) based on the vanguard technology and on the experience acquired through projects developed by Brazilian Space Program. The SACI-1 is a 750km polar orbit satellite. The spacecraft will combine spin stabilization with geomagnetic control and has a total mass of 60 kg. The overall dimensions are 640×470×470 mm. The SACI-1 satellite shall be launched together with CBERS (China-Brazil Earth Resource Satellite). Its platform is being designed for multiple mission applications. The Brazilian Academy of Sciences has selected four scientific payloads that characterize the mission. The scientific experiments are: ORCAS (Solar and Anomalous Cosmic Rays Observation in the Magnetosphere), PLASMEX (Study of Plasma Bubbles), FOTSAT (Airglow Photometer), and MAGNEX (Geomagnetic Experiment).     

应用于小发柔性转子的高速动平衡技术

从某新型涡轴发动机动力涡轮转子的结构特点出发 ,简要说明了对该转子进行实际高速动平衡操作存在的困难及采取的对策。在试验过程中 ,创造性地应用影响系数法和自行设计加工的精密平衡卡箍 ,高质量地完成了细长柔性转子的高速动平衡试验。研究表明 :高速动平衡技术可大大减小细长柔性转子的动挠度和支承动反力 ,从而达到减小发动机振动的目的     

四维超混沌射频隐身跳频通信设计方法

为提高飞行器通信系统的抗截获性能,提出了一种基于四维超混沌系统的射频隐身跳频通信设计方法。该方法构建了四维超混沌系统,扩展了系统解空间,有效增加了系统复杂度,并通过引入周期性扰动措施,解决了有限精度带来的短周期现象。在四维超混沌系统的基础上,利用超混沌系统生成的双通道超混沌序列,实现了跳频通信系统的频率序列和周期序列联合不确定设计方法。仿真结果表明：四维超混沌系统与传统混沌系统相比,其复杂度最优,在相同有限精度条件下,超混沌系统的周期性明显减弱。另外,基于四维超混沌设计的跳频系统,其截获概率优于常规跳频系统,具有较好的射频隐身性能。     

传输/反射法测量复介电常数的三个方程研究

介绍了利用传输／反射参数测量复介电常数的三个方程。利用奇偶模方法分析传输线与二端口网络，得到传播常数与归一化特性阻抗的解析解。进而得到确定复介电常数的三个方程。利用这些方程仅用一次测量解决已有传输／反射法中存在的低损耗材料的厚度谐振问题、多值性问题及其它问题。讨论了利用这三个方程通过一次测量解决上述问题的方法并分析了这些方程的测量不确定度。最后给出了实验结果。