太赫兹技术及空间应用国内外发展现状研究

太赫兹（Terahertz,THz）波是频率介于红外和微波的电磁波,太赫兹辐射源的独特性质及其与物质相互作用所表现出的丰富物理和化学特性,使太赫兹技术在通信、遥感等空间领域展现出了巨大的应用前景。文章主要对太赫兹技术及空间应用的国内外发展现状进行研究,并归纳出其发展趋势,为我国太赫兹技术空间应用的发展提供情报支持。     

Advances in Researches on the Middle and Upper Atmosphere in 2010-2012

This article summarizes the researches on the middle and upper atmosphere by Chinese scientists in 2010?2012. The focuses are placed on the advances in construction of ground-based remote sensing facilities, the mean state and long-term changes in the middle atmosphere circulation, the prevailing dynamical processes, and the coupling of the middle atmospheric layers.      

提高金属内衬容器承载能力的预外压法

具有金属内衬的复合材料容器的承载能力很大程度上取决于金属内衬的弹性变形范围和稳定性。基于三维弹性理论。并结合第四强度理论。研究了在施加外压力时保证金属内衬不失稳的条件下,具有金属内衬的纤维缠绕容器的应力分布情况和承载能力的改善情况。结果表明,给金属内衬施加预外压力,可以提高容器的极限承载能力,更好地发挥纤维层的承载能力。     

低轨导航增强卫星星座设计

针对目前全球低轨卫星快速发展的现状,对低轨导航增强卫星星座设计方法进行了详细的研究。首先推导了轨道高度与可视球冠的关系,结合太空垃圾分布,从覆盖范围、经济性及碰撞风险几方面联合确定了轨道高度。然后推导了用户仰角与轨道倾角的关系,分析了实现南北极点覆盖的轨道倾角。接着结合铱星星座,推导出单一星座构型无法实现全球范围内均匀的可见星和精度衰减因子（Dilution of Precision,DOP）值分布。最后提出了一种组合低轨卫星星座设计方法。结果表明,该方法设计的组合星座在实现全球覆盖的同时,能够实现可见星数量与DOP值在全球范围内的均匀分布。     

两种前体压缩方式对斜爆震燃烧影响的数值研究

为推动工程应用,探究斜爆震发动机前体压缩程度对斜爆震燃烧的影响,本文建立了两道等强激波和斜激波-等熵两种前体压缩简化模型,通过数值模拟对比了飞行马赫数8~10条件下,两种压缩方式对斜爆震波结构以及斜爆震波总压损失的影响。结果表明,前体压缩方式的差异会引起斜爆震波起爆区结构以及起爆位置的变化,且随着飞行马赫数降低,压缩方式对起爆区结构影响减小,对起爆位置影响增大。两道等强激波的前体压缩方式对应的斜爆震燃烧过程总压损失更小,同时可减小点火起爆距离,有利于缩短燃烧室长度。但综合考虑进气压缩与燃烧过程,斜激波-等熵的前体压缩方式对应燃烧室出口气流总压更大。斜爆震发动机的设计需要综合考虑前体压缩与斜爆震燃烧损失以实现发动机总体性能最优。     

固体火箭发动机气动喉部的推力调控特性

为了研究固体火箭发动机气动喉部推力调节的一般规律,利用氮气作为介质对气动喉部喷管进行了冷流实验研究。研究了该种喷管的扼流性能,二次流嘴的面积、个数对其扼流性能的影响以及空腔容积与喷管压强调节时间的关系。掌握了气动喉部喷管的有效喉部面积随流量比变化的一般规律。结果表明,二次流与主流流量比越大,气动喉部面积越小。小的面积比具有更高的扼流性能,而当流量比大于0.4时,面积比对扼流性能无明显影响。空腔体积越小压强调节时间越短。     

TB2钛合金薄壁波纹板的超塑性成形技术研究

论述了TB2(Ti-5Mo-5V-8Cr-3Al)钛合金的超塑性成形在空间飞行器结构件—波纹板(厚0.25mm)制造上的应用技术,内容包括成形工艺参数和试验装置。结果表明,TB2钛合金粗晶板材,不经过组织细化处理,在750±10℃时具有良好的超塑性,并在超塑性成形过程中发生动态再结晶,使晶粒细化;同时,强度(δ_b)和塑性(δ)均有所提高。对于TB2薄壁波纹板而言,不锈钢(1Cr18Ni9Ti)成形模具及其平面密封结构能够满足超塑性成形的使用要求。     

某单室双推力复杂翼柱形燃烧室的两相流数值分析

针对某单室双推力翼柱形药柱导弹在研制过程中多次出现烧穿现象,开展了数值模拟研究,考察了发动机两相流动情况.模拟结果表明,缓燃药柱前翼设计不合理,造成流场中存在壁面附着涡团,恶化了热防护条件,造成壳体烧穿.数值模拟得到的涡团位置与尺寸和实验烧穿部位吻合.经试验验证,取消前翼设计后,切向涡消失,发动机不再烧穿.     

Numerical simulation of multi-phase combustion flow in solid rocket motors with metalized propellant

Multi-phase flowfield simulation has been performed on solid rocket motor and effect of multi-phases on the performance prediction of the solid rocket motor(SRM) is investigation.During the combustion of aluminized propellant,the aluminum particles in the propellant melt and formliquid aluminum at the burning propellant surface.So the flow within the rocket motor is multi phase or two phase because it contains droplets and smoke particles of Al2O3.Flowsi mulations have been performed on a large scale motor,to observe the effect of the flowfield onthe chamber and nozzle as well.Uniform particles diameters and Rosin-Rammler diameter distribution method that is based on the assumption that an exponential relationship exists betweenthe droplet diameter,dand mass fraction of droplets with diameter greater thandhave been used for the si mulation of different distribution of Al2O3 droplets present in SRM.Particles sizes in the range of 1-100μm are used,as being the most common droplets.In this approachthe complete range of particle sizes is dividedinto a set of discrete size ranges,eachto be defined by single streamthat is part of the group.Roe scheme-flux differencing splitting based on approxi mate Riemann problem has been used to si mulate the effects of the multi-phase flowfeild.This is second order upwind scheme in which flux differencing splitting method is employed.To cater for the turbulence effect,Spalart-All maras model has been used.The results obtained show the great sensitivity of this diameters distribution and particles concentrations to the SRMflowdynamics,primarily at the motor chamber and nozzle exit.The results are shown with various sizes of the particles concentrations and geometrical configurations including models for SRM and nozzle.The analysis also provides effect of multi-phase on performance prediction of solid rocket motor.