机场沥青道面结构设计方法与指标探讨

详细分析了现有沥青道面结构类型、损坏模式、设计方法发展趋势和设计指标的选取,对适应新一代大型飞机的机场沥青道面设计方法与设计指标进行分析探讨。结果表明道面结构设计主要考虑疲劳开裂、轮辙和低温开裂等损坏模式;以CBR法为代表的经验法已不能适应新一代大型飞机复杂起落架的要求,力学经验法已成为道面设计方法发展的趋势;柔性沥青道面与半刚性道面设计指标的选取应该独立,分别采用相应结构层的应力、应变等指标控制对应损坏的出现。研究结果能满足B777、A380等新一代大型机的荷载要求,可为中国构建新的沥青道面设计方法提供参考。     

Substorm timings and timescales: A new aspect

The magnetospheric substorm is a fundamental element of magnetospheric disturbances. After more than 40 years of intensive studies, various aspects of substorm morphology have been qualitatively established. Observations from the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP) mission during the last decade have provided more detailed and complete pictures of substorms than before and, consequently, have provided new insights into substorm mechanisms. From the global auroral imaging it is shown that substorm onsets are locally confined; however, the effects of substorms involve a very large space at different times. Observations relying on in situ techniques can be misleading and can introduce confusion if not properly interpreted. On the other hand, remote sensing techniques such as global auroral imaging not only provide a robust means for studying substorm phenomenology but also yield relatively consistent results. This article reviews and summarizes a number of substorm studies conducted based primarily on global auroral images from NASA's Polar satellite, with a main focus on “quantitative” substorm morphology (i.e., onset timing, locations, energy input, and substorm timescales). These studies conclude that (1) auroral breakups are the most reliable substorm indicator, whereas other commonly used onset proxies may not always be associated with substorms and are subject to a propagation delay; (2) after breakup, the expanded auroral bulge can move either westward (60%) or eastward (40%); and (3) a typical substorm expansion phase lasts ～10 minutes and increases with increasing distances from the onset. A key conclusion from some recent studies seems to suggest that magnetotail reconnection, if it ever exists, is a consequence of substorm expansion onset. These findings provide constraints for substorm models and theories.     

多因素耦合的舰机适配性评估方法

舰机适配性是航母与舰载机研制过程中的难点,充分协调舰艇系统和飞机航空系统之间的复杂关系是发挥航母战斗力的关键。文章提出了 1种基于改进的熵值法与突变级数法的多因素耦合的舰机适配性评估方法。首先,进行指标选取,建立多因素耦合的舰机适配性评估指标体系,并根据突变级数理论确定指标体系对应的突变模型;其次,利用改进的熵值法计算各个指标的贡献率,提高排序结果的准确性;再次,利用突变层次结构模型进行舰机适配性评估;最后,以国外某型航母与舰载机为评估对象,验证新的综合评估方法的有效性和可靠性。文章提出的方法不需要对指标赋权,减少评估过程中由于赋权带来的主观性,为舰机适配性评估提供了新的思路。     

复合材料容器最佳预压力的研究

具有金属内衬的纤维缠绕复合材料压力容器的承载能力在很大程度上取决于金属内衬的弹性变形范围。根据三维弹塑性理论,并结合强度条件,提出了自增强处理提高金属内衬弹性变形范围的方法,并研究了最佳预压力的求解方法及承载能力的提高情况。结果表明,通过对容器施加预压力,使内衬达到最佳塑性状态,可提高容器的极限承载能力。     

Differentiation in microgravity of neural and muscle cells of a vertebrate (amphibian).

The CELIMENE space experiment (CELulles en Impesanteur: Muscle Et Neurone Embryonnaires) was devoted to the study of the influence of gravity on the differentiation, the organisation and the maintenance of the highly specialised nervous system and muscular system. CELIMENE was carried out during the first flight of the IBIS hardware (Instrument for BIology in Space) with the fully automatic space mission PHOTON 10 in February 1995. Using the amphibian Pleurodeles waltl as a vertebrate model, in vitro experiments involved immunocytochemical detection of glial-, neuronal- and muscle-specific markers, and neurotransmitters in cells developed under conditions of microgravity compared with 1g controls, on-board and on the ground. We observed that the altered gravity did not disturb cell morphogenesis or differentiation.     

电推进系统在静止轨道卫星平台上应用的关键技术

在未来静止轨道平台上应用电推进系统是我国航天事业发展的必然趋势。将氙离子电推进系统(XIPS)应用于静止轨道卫星平台,除了要解决电推力器本身的问题之外,还要在系统应用方面做大量工作。以该静止轨道卫星对电推进系统的需求为基础,从三个方面对电推进系统在未来静止轨道平台上应用所涉及到的关键技术进行了分类及梳理:一是电推进系统与电推力器之间的关系,包括电推力器与推进剂贮存和供给子系统、电源子系统、控制子系统联合工作所涉及到的关键技术;二是电推进系统与化学推进系统的协调工作,包括两种推进系统的任务分工及相互影响所涉及到的关键技术;三是电推进系统对整星及大系统的影响,包括电推进系统对电源、热控、羽流污染控制、电磁兼容性(EMC)、遥测遥控、自主管理等所涉及到的关键技术。通过对这三个方面的关键技术进行梳理,明确了电推进系统在整星上应用所需要开展的工作。     

风切变对飞机平飞特性的影响分析

利用对风切变的描述,建立微下冲气流工程化模型。随后根据建立起的风切变运动方程,对飞机穿越微下冲气流风场进行仿真,分析了风切变对飞机飞行性能的影响。     

基于先验概率优势关系的粗糙决策分析模型

针对含有不完全偏好信息的多属性决策问题,提出了基于先验概率优势关系的粗糙决策分析模型.首先分析了扩展优势关系和限制扩展优势关系的不足,在此基础上提出先验概率优势关系的概念,并得到先验概率优势关系下的粗糙近似;然后通过对比分析,证明了新模型较上述两种优势关系模型可使分类结果更加符合实际情况和人在数据处理过程中的直观感受.最后,通过一个实例验证了新方法的可行性和有效性.     

我国农村社区公共文化的缺失与重建

目前我国农村社区的公共文化建设不容乐观，公共文化在农村的“缺场”现象普遍，农民主体性意识缺乏，农村社区公共文化生活在整个农村生活中日渐式微。农村社区的公共文化建设，不仅仅是政府给予什么的问题，重要的是让农民自己动起来。只有充分发挥广大农民作为主体的积极性，让农民真正参与到社区公共文化建设的实践中来，改变农民的“原子化”状态，才能建设出适合各地农民不同需求的农村社区公共文化。