Astrobiological considerations for the selection of the geological filters on the ExoMars PanCam instrument

The Panoramic Camera (PanCam) instrument will provide visible-near IR multispectral imaging of the ExoMars rover's surroundings to identify regions of interest within the nearby terrain. This multispectral capability is dependant upon the 12 preselected "geological" filters that are integrated into two wide-angle cameras. First devised by the Imager for Mars Pathfinder team to detect iron oxides, this baseline filter set has remained largely unchanged for subsequent missions (Mars Exploration Rovers, Beagle 2, Phoenix) despite the advancing knowledge of the mineralogical diversity on Mars. Therefore, the geological filters for the ExoMars PanCam will be redesigned to accommodate the astrobiology focus of ExoMars, where hydrated mineral terrains (evidence of past liquid water) will be priority targets. Here, we conduct an initial investigation into new filter wavelengths for the ExoMars PanCam and present results from tests performed on Mars analog rocks. Two new filter sets were devised: one with filters spaced every 50?nm ("F1-12") and another that utilizes a novel filter selection method based upon hydrated mineral reflectance spectra ("F2-12"). These new filter sets, along with the Beagle 2 filter set (currently the baseline for the ExoMars PanCam), were tested on their ability to identify hydrated minerals and biosignatures present in Mars analog rocks. The filter sets, with varying degrees of ability, detected the spectral features of minerals jarosite, opaline silica, alunite, nontronite, and siderite present in these rock samples. None of the filter sets, however, were able to detect fossilized biomat structures and small (<2?mm) mineralogical heterogeneities present in silica sinters. Both new filter sets outperformed the Beagle 2 filters, with F2-12 detecting the most spectral features produced by hydrated minerals and providing the best discrimination between samples. Future work involving more extensive testing on Mars analog samples that exhibit a wider range of mineralogies would be the next step in carefully evaluating the new filter sets.     

共焦扫描光学显微镜的工业应用

共焦扫描光学显微镜开拓了点探针光学扫描系统三个独特的功能:差分相衬、共焦剖面和光束感生电流(OBIC)像。本文叙述了这些功能在材料显微术、半导体失效分析、生物显微术上的应用,概述了激光扫描共焦显微镜的设计特点。     

科幻世界

故事梗概:15年过去了,K和J仍旧是黑超特警组的老拍档。移民到地球上来的外星生物大部分都像地球人一样安居乐业,所以他们日常的事物无非就像片警一样调节一下邻里纠纷,过问一下食品安全。但恼人的是,月球监狱里关押的野兽鲍里斯越狱成功了,他不仅是极度危险的外星生物,还是K的死对头。所以,不仅是K面对着一场生死劫,J也即将面对一场穿越之旅来拯救自己的老拍档。     

抗差自适应滤波在低轨飞行器INS/CNS/GNSS 组合导航中的应用

低轨飞行器对导航系统的稳定性要求较高,采用标准卡尔曼滤波的组合导航系统在异常扰动情况下会产生较大误差,严重影响低轨飞行器导航精度.在此前提下提出将抗差自适应滤波用于低轨飞行器导航系统,并基于该滤波器设计INS/CNS/GNSS组合导航.通过仿真实验对比验证抗差自适应滤波的有效性.     

教练机综合备份导航显示系统研究

介绍了传统的备份导航仪表及综合备份导航显示系统的组成及原理,分析了备份导航仪表存在的问题,并阐述了综合备份导航显示系统的优点及特点,为高级教练机的应用奠定了基础。     

新型航天材料结构演化与安全评定

本成果不仅可用于航天产品先进复合材料结构和时效分析 (如固体火箭发动机缠绕壳体与弹翼 ) ,而且可用于普通复合材料和结构分析 ,如建筑、机械、压力容器 ,特别是航空结构 ,飞机在飞行一定周期后 ,确定其剩余寿命。本成果创造性地利用剩余刚度预报剩余强度和寿命 ,建立了剩余刚度衰退理论 ;建立了材料主要力学性能的随机概率模型 ;给出了刚度强度以及寿命的定量关系 ;分析了诸多载荷并考虑自由边缘效应情况下的材料可靠性分析规律。研制出ＨＩＴ—ＹＡＮ分析含缺陷复合材料层合板的分析软件 ;建立了层板脱层失效分析的能量理论 ,为复合材料…     

迎接新世纪 谱写新篇章——《航空标准化与质量》2001年献辞

在您打开这期刊物的时候,人类已经完成了一次伟大的跨越———进入了新的千年、新的世纪。在新世纪的第一期里,首先祝各位读者新世纪好!2001年是中国航空工业迎来50周年大庆的一年。回顾航空工业50年发展的风雨历程,我们可以自豪地说航空工业与新中国共同成长,有开拓的艰辛,有成功的喜悦,也有失败的警醒。航空工业为新中国的国防安全、经济建设和技术创新做出了巨大的贡献。航空标准化与质量技术的发展也经历了同样的过程,航空标准化从消化50年代前苏联的标准开始,到逐渐引进其他国家先进的标准与国际接轨;从借鉴别国经验开始,到逐渐形成中…