氢激射器EFOS、NP、NX性能的最新测试结果

一、引言受国家航空和航天管理局(NASA)哥达德空间飞行中心(GSFC)的委托,本底克斯野外工程公司(BFEC)在一九八三年初测试了奥赛罗库兹(Oscilloquartz)的EFOS-2以及NASA的NX-3和NP-2氢激射器的性能,本文叙述了那次测试的结果。应国家射电天文台(NRAO)买主的请求,Oscilloquartz厂的技术人员把氢激射器EFOS-2运到马里兰州哥仑比亚城BFEC的氢激射器实验室,图1为EFOS-2氢激射器到达实验室不久的照片(图1略,请见原文)。     

人造石英晶体不同生长区的热致发光

许多采用石英晶体的电子器件都工作在容易受到辐照的环境中。因此,研究辐照对石英晶体的影响是很重要的。我们在本文中指出,热致发光技术可以作为研究这个问题的一种好方法。我们将介绍在15—300°K温度范围内测量到的热致发光。已经分别获得Y切石英片各生长区(即+X、-X、+Z、-Z)的测量结果。该石英片是从未经扫描处理的电子级人造石英Y切生长棒上切割下来的。在这项工作中,我们首次发现在72°K、80°K、87°K和104°K时有很清晰的辉光峰。我们认为,在室温下经过X射线(50千伏、17毫安的白辐射)予辐照之后,仅仅出现在+X生长区(即135°K、162°K、178°K)的辉光峰可能与[Al_e_+]°中心有关。在+Z区样品中高于104°K的辉光峰完全不同于在+X区样品中看到的情况。在这个温度范围的所有辉光峰都随着室温下予辐照剂量的增大而逐渐减弱。从本文介绍的测量结果可以看出,一个或多个辉光峰相应于各个生长区存在的某种缺陷,而且它们的热致发光强度比例于石英中所含缺陷的密度。     

用于数字用户传输系统的定时槽路机械滤波器

本文阐述定时槽路机械滤波器的设计方法和实验结果。复合纵模变换器通过附加一层恒系数合金片至压电陶瓷片的每一个电极表面而被做成夹层结构。对变换器的等效电路常数和三次纵模引起的寄生响应的抑制作了分析。实验滤波器的尺寸是:20L×12W×5Hmm,它与14脚双列直插式集成电路的尺寸相同。滤波器的中心频率为200KHz,其插入损耗低达0.5～0.7dB,而3dB带宽为2.1～2.4KHz。在中心频率下输入输出的相位差约为40°,相位线性度非常好,其相位斜率低达0.07～0.08/Hz。在0～1.5MHz频率范围内衰减频带为30dB或更大,改善了设备的信噪比。滤波器的输入/输出阻抗在8.5～8.9KΩ之间,它与CMOS电路的阻抗匹配是满意的。温度特性表明,在5～60℃之间插入损耗的变化为0.6dB,而相位变化为11°。     

一种用于波长测量的数字式干涉仪

本文介绍了一种用来测量激光波长的简单的条纹计数式干涉仪,给出了几种激光谱线波长的测定值.它们是氦—氖、氩和氪激光谱线,由饱和吸收的碘蒸气所稳定,不准确性为2×10~(-8)(可信度99%)。     

用声表面波传感器作惯性制导和水声检测

本文研究声表面波传感器在惯性制导和水声检测方面的应用。在水声检测中,由于声表面波石英的动态负载而不是静态负载导致声表面波振荡器的频谱信息包含有边带。研究已经证明,传感器样机的灵敏度(用信噪比表示)至少与普通水听器的相当。声表面波作加速度计可提供高准确度、大动态范围(10~6)和不用模-数转换就可获得数字输出。采用比较简单的数字处理技术,加速度计就能够提供惯性数据,例如速度和位移。对声表面波加速度计的总误差率的研究证明,它们的误差率始终小于每小时一海里。声表面波振荡器传感器在高性能、中等价格的传感器应用方面是一种很有希望的竞争者。     

上游太阳风中高能电子向同步轨道区的传输

通常认为，同步轨道区的电子通量增加是由于磁暴或者上游太阳风高速流的扰动所引起．近来的观测表明，起源于太阳活动的行星际高能电子也是引起同步轨道电子通量增加的重要原因之一．Zhao等在研究2000年7月14日太阳剧烈活动时发现，同步轨道区相对论电子通量巨幅增加时没有观察到上游太阳风高速流的扰动，并且磁暴发生在电子通量事件之后．采用解析磁场模型和实际磁场模型(T96模型)模拟来自太阳的相对论电子在磁尾中的运动特性．计算结果表明，当行星际磁场南向时，进入到磁尾的行星际相对论电子可以从较远的磁尾区域运动到同步轨道区域．这一研究结果从理论上论证了起源于太阳活动的高能电子可以对同步轨道区相对论电子通量的增加产生重要的作用．     

Domain evolution and functional diversification of sulfite reductases

Sulfite reductases are key enzymes of assimilatory and dissimilatory sulfur metabolism, which occur in diverse bacterial and archaeal lineages. They share a highly conserved domain "C-X5-C-n-C-X3-C" for binding siroheme and iron-sulfur clusters that facilitate electron transfer to the substrate. For each sulfite reductase cluster, the siroheme-binding domain is positioned slightly differently at the N-terminus of dsrA and dsrB, while in the assimilatory proteins the siroheme domain is located at the C-terminus. Our sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the siroheme-binding domain shows that sulfite reductase sequences diverged from a common ancestor into four separate clusters (aSir, alSir, dsr, and asrC) that are biochemically distinct; each serves a different assimilatory or dissimilatory role in sulfur metabolism. The phylogenetic distribution and functional grouping in sulfite reductase clusters (dsrA and dsrB vs. aSiR, asrC, and alSir) suggest that their functional diversification during evolution may have preceded the bacterial/archaeal divergence.     

Physiological and biomechanical considerations for a human Mars mission

Evolving on Earth has made humans perfectly adapted, both physiologically and biomechanically, to its gravity and atmospheric conditions. Leaving the Earth and its protective environment, therefore, results in the degradation of a number of human systems. Long-duration stays on the International Space Station (ISS) are accompanied by significant effects on crew's cardiovascular, vestibular and musculoskeletal systems. Bone loss and muscle atrophy are experienced at a rate of 1-3% and 5% per month respectively, while VO2 (oxygen consumption) measurements are reduced by approximately 25% after a few weeks in space. If these figures are simply extrapolated, a future human mission to Mars will be seriously jeopardised and crews may find they cross the threshold of bone and muscle loss and aerobic fitness--ultimately with them being unable to return to Earth. When arriving on Mars, considerable biomechanical alterations will also occur. Optimum walking speeds will be approximately 30% lower and transitioning from a walk to a run will occur at a speed 25% slower. Peak vertical forces will be reduced by as much as 50%, while stride length, stride time and airborne time will all increase. On Mars, half as much energy will be required to travel the equivalent distance on Earth and it will be 65% more economical to run rather than to walk.