小型、低成本、P波段机载双极化合成孔径雷达的设计

Wageningen大学和婆罗洲猩猩生存基金会（BOS）希望用一种小型、低成本、P波段机载双极化合成孔径雷达监视印度尼西亚森林的生物群。本文介绍了一台此种雷达设计方面的初步研究情况。确定应用要求，并根据要求得到主要的雷达参数。本文还介绍了基于商用货架元件的系统的初步设计。系统的几点新颖之处是：采用直接数字合成进行调制、采用双极化微带方形贴片（patch）天线以及系统的尺寸和功耗都降低了等。为了有助于SAR系统的计算和比较，开发了基于通用Matlab的SARCAL程序。本文还将阐述其原理和主要功能。     

CASH 2021: commercial access and space habitation

Issues about commercialization of space have been a growing concern in the past decade for the space community. This paper focuses on the work from a team of 51 students attending the Summer Session Program of the International Space University in Bremen, Germany. CASH 2021 (Commercial Access and Space Habitation) documents a plan that identifies commercial opportunities for space utilization that will extend human presence in space, and will chart the way forward for the next 20 years. The group selected four commercial sectors that show the most promise for the future: tourism, entertainment, space system service, assembly and debris removal, and research and development/production. The content of this document presents the results of their research. Historical activities in each of the commercial sectors are reviewed along with the current market situation. To provide a coherent background for future commercialization possibilities a scenario has been developed. This scenario includes a postulated upon ideal future and includes social, political and economic factors that may affect the space industry over the timeline of the study. The study also presents a roadmap, within the limited optimistic scenario developed, for the successful commercialization of space leading to future human presence in space. A broad range of commercially viable opportunities, not only within the current limits of the International Space Station, but also among the many new developments that are expected by 2021 are discussed.     

Evaluation of bleomycin-induced chromosome aberrations under simulated microgravity conditions in human lymphocytes using "FISH" techniques

In the present investigation we report the effects of simulated microgravity conditions (clinostat) on the induction of chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes in vitro by (R) Bleomycin. Chromosomal aberrations have been analysed by means of fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) and chromosome-specific composite DNA probes (chromosome painting). The results obtained show that, under simulated microgravity conditions, the levels of both symmetrical and asymmetrical (dicentrics, rings), the number of cells bearing "complex" aberrations and hence the total numbers of aberrations were significantly elevated at any of the dose-levels assayed, compared to the parallel treatments performed as 1g control ("ground"). Furthermore, the ratio symmetrical:asymmetrical translocations was markedly elevated under simulated microgravity conditions, compared to the findings usually observed under "normal" 1g conditions. On these bases, we are much inclined to believe that simulated microgravity, rather than limiting the resealing of DNA double strand breaks (DSB's) induced by genotoxic agents is influencing in terms of enhancement the misrejoining of DSB's which is actually responsible for the fixation of the original lesions to DNA into chromosomal aberrations. In addition, the possible different misrepair processes leading to the formation of symmetrical and asymmetrical translocations might be differentially influenced by microgravity being the symmetrical translocations significantly more represented.     

固体推进剂点火研究评述

为了确定最新的固体推进剂点火工艺,对有关点火方面的文献作了广泛的评述,严格地检查了各种点火理论、实验方法和点火准则,并以简明的表格形式进行了总结,便于对各种不同的研究作比较。讨论了各种重要参数对点火过程的影响,指出了技术上的主要不足之处,以及今后的研究方向。     

影响复合固体推进剂压力指数的诸因素的述评

近几十年来,推进剂系统的设计师们一直在关注着复合固体推进剂压力指数(n)的控制。本文讨论了影响此性能的各种因素及控制复合固体推进剂压力指数的各种方法。它们包括:(1)氧化剂的粒度、类型及含量;(2)金属类型;(3)氧化剂的包复;(4)弹道添加剂;(5)燃速调节剂及(6)粘合剂等影响。正如所预期的,这些方法均已用来调节压力指数,以适应特殊用途的战略和战术导弹所需的弹道性能。     

具有应变梯度的复合推进剂中裂纹扩展的特性

本文研究在具有应变梯度、填充密度大的复合推进剂中裂纹扩展的特性。采用中心有楔形裂纹的双轴试样。在室温、恒定十字头速度下进行试验。考虑了两种裂纹长度。通过分析试验数据来研究初始裂纹长度和非均匀总应变场对推进剂裂纹扩展特性的影响,还研究了测量裂纹长度所用时间间隔对裂纹扩展速率计算精度的影响。     

固体推进剂发动机的热贮存寿命

用概率计算方法计算了经受各种环境温度的固体推进剂火箭发动机的贮存寿命。在力学性能方面测定了粘弹效应、化学老化作用、累积损伤及统计变量。符号说明     

Results of space experiment program "Interferon"

The results of the biological space experiment "Interferon" performed by two international cosmonaut teams (26 May 1980, and 16 May 1981) aboard space laboratory Solyut-6 are reported: (1) Human lymphocytes separated from blood of healthy donors and placed into "Interferon I" equipment could be kept for 7 days in suspension culture under spaceflight conditions. Interferon production could be induced in human lymphocytes by preparations of different origin: virus, synthetic polyribonucleotides, bacterial protein and plant pigment. An increased lymphocyte interferon production in space laboratory compared to ground control was observed. (2) Human interferon preparations and interferon inducers placed in space laboratory at room temperature for 7 days maintained their biological activity. (3) A decrease of induced interferon production and natural killer activity of lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood of cosmonauts was observed on the 1st day on Earth after 7-days spaceflight.     

用于地表和亚地表探测的多频极化合成孔径雷达

本文介绍了用于地表和亚地表观测的机载多频极化SAR“IMARC”。改进的SAR系统包括了4个频段（X、L、P和VHF），相应的波长分别为4cm、23cm、68cm和254cm。这种SAR能以不同线性的极化（VV、HH、VH和HV）从飞机的左右两侧进行测量。空间分辨率在X波段为1．5～3m，L波段为4～6m，P波段为6～8m和VHF波段为8～16m。该系统采集并处理雷达数据以获得实时图像。这种SAR系统将用于测定土壤水文表面，调查植被、雪、冰层和冻土的特征，对人造目标和自然目标以及各种自然界异常现象进行定位亚地表探测。     

本振相位噪声及其对接收机性能的影响

本文是一篇译文，介绍了本报相位噪声的概念及其对不同类型接收机的影响。对于系统设计师如何针对系统的自身特点提出本报的相位噪声指标具有很好的参考价值。