F-22参加"北方边境"演习

2006年夏,F-22参加了服役以来的第一次大规模演习——在阿拉斯加州举行的"北方边境"演习。演习中,F-22不仅取得了优异的空战成绩,还验证在空中预警、电子战等方面的出色能力,给人留下了深刻的印象。     

定向结晶对镍基合金的相成分和组织弥散性的影响

本研究确定了Ni-Co-Cr-W-Al-Ti-Nb-C系合金相成分和枝晶组织弥散性与铸造条件的关系。为了研究定量特性,制定了测定结晶前沿温度梯度,移动速度和评价枝晶组织弥散性的方法。     

善育“新葩”出奇观——评李文光、赵荣芳合著《香山天将》

1989年《中山文史》发表了赵荣芳著《香山航空人物录》专辑,有感于这是地方文史工作向专题化发展的突出成就,遂从《文史园里一新葩》为题发表过一点拙评。现在,又得读赵荣芳与李文光合著的《香山天将》,深感这是对《香山航空人物录》那朵“新葩”的艺术培育,正如关中人先生为该书《序》中所说那样,它“是作者在《香山航空人物录》的基础上,……以纪实文学体     

很珍贵的一本中国古代航空专著——评介姜长英《中国古代航空史话》

早在1989年8月,本人曾对由西北工业大学出版社于1987年6月出版的姜长英编著《中国航空史》发表过一些浅评(见《航空史研究》27),其中已包括对该书有关中国古代航空内容的简析.现在,再得读由航空工业出版社1996年4月出版的姜长英编著《中国古代航空史话》(以下简称《史话》),因著者的用心良苦和努力重写,结构和内容都调整一新,深感它是很珍贵的一本中国古代航空专著.     

Analysis of the pre-flight and post-flight calibration procedures performed on the Liulin space radiation dosimeter

Liulin, a dosimetry-radiometry system, was developed to satisfy the requirements for active flux and dose rate measurements for the flight of the second Bulgarian cosmonaut in 1988. The system consists of a compact battery-operated silicon solid state detector unit and a read/write microcomputer and telemetry unit. We describe the pre-flight calibrations with charged particles, using radioactive sources and accelerated 170 MeV/nucleon proton and alpha particles at the Dubna, Russia cyclotron. We discuss comparisons with data obtained on Mir with the French-built tissue equivalent LET spectrometer NAUSICAA. Lastly, we describe post-flight calibrations performed with 1 GeV/nucleon 56Fe ions at the Brookhaven National Laboratory AGS accelerator, where the instrument was mounted in tandem with several thin position-sensitive silicon detectors behind a stopping target. The silicon detectors provided an energy spectrum for the surviving charged nuclear fragments for which the flux and absorbed dose were recorded by Liulin.     

Cyanobacterial emergence at 2.8 gya and greenhouse feedbacks

Apparent cyanobacterial emergence at about 2.8 Gya coincides with the negative excursion in the organic carbon isotope record, which is the first strong evidence for the presence of atmospheric methane. The existence of weathering feedbacks in the carbonate-silicate cycle suggests that atmospheric and oceanic CO2 concentrations would have been high prior to the presence of a methane greenhouse (and thus the ocean would have had high bicarbonate concentrations). With the onset of a methane greenhouse, carbon dioxide concentrations would decrease. Bicarbonate has been proposed as the preferred reductant that preceded water for oxygenic photosynthesis in a bacterial photosynthetic precursor to cyanobacteria; with the drop of carbon dioxide level, Archean cyanobacteria emerged using water as a reductant instead of bicarbonate (Dismukes et al., 2001). Our thermodynamic calculations, with regard to this scenario, give at least a tenfold drop in aqueous CO2 levels with the onset of a methane-dominated greenhouse, assuming surface temperatures of about 60 degrees C and a drop in the level of atmospheric carbon dioxide from about 1 to 0.1 bars. The buildup of atmospheric methane could have been triggered by the boost in oceanic organic productivity that arose from the emergence of pre-cyanobacterial oxygenic phototrophy at about 2.8-3.0 Gya; high temperatures may have precluded an earlier emergence. A greenhouse transition timescale on the order of 50-100 million years is consistent with results from modeling the carbonate-silicate cycle. This is an alternative hypothesis to proposals of a tectonic driver for this apparent greenhouse transition.     

含硅镍基铸造高温合金的相成份和热稳定性

利用物理—化学相分析和差热分析法研究了硅对Ni-Cr-Co-W-Al-Ti-Nb-Hf-C系合金结晶时的相成份变化及相变过程的影响,合金中硅含量由0.05％增加至0.4％,引起不等轴共晶γ-γ′析出分量的增加,并从熔融合金中补充析出以HfC为基的Me_C和MeC型碳化物。在高温等温持久及蠕变条件下,硅引起碳化物转变,加剧了γ′-相的凝聚,这样就降低了合金的寿命和瞬时塑性。     

Ground-based simulations of cosmic ray heavy ion interactions in spacecraft and planetary habitat shielding materials

This paper surveys some recent accelerator-based measurements of the nuclear fragmentation of high energy nuclei in shielding and tissue-equivalent materials. These data are needed to make accurate predictions of the radiation field produced at depth in spacecraft and planetary habitat shielding materials and in the human body by heavy charged particles in the galactic cosmic radiation. Projectile-target combinations include 1 GeV/nucleon 56Fe incident on aluminum and graphite and 600 MeV/nucleon 56Fe and 290 MeV/nucleon 12C on polyethylene. We present examples of the dependence of fragmentation on material type and thickness, of a comparison between data and a fragmentation model, and of multiple fragments produced along the beam axis.     

Cardiovascular deconditioning during weightlessness simulation and the use of lower body negative pressure as a countermeasure to orthostatic intolerance

The cardiovascular function is one of the main disturbed by weightlessness: it is particularly affected by the astronaut's return to Earth, where symptoms linked to the cardiovascular deconditioning syndrom appear in the following forms: (1) orthostatic intolerance with its risk of syncope: (2) higher submaximal oxygen consumption for an equivalent work load. Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP) is intended to stimulate the venous system of the lower limbs; however, the specific effects of periodical LBNP sessions on the orthostatic intolerance have never been studied. With this objective in mind, 5 volunteers took part in two recent antiorthostatic bedrest experiments for 30 days. In the first experiment 3 subjects were submitted to several sessions of LBNP experiment per day and 2 others were controls; in the second experiment the LBNP group of the 1st one became controls and vice-versa. Two orthostatic investigations were performed: (1) 5 days before the bedrest; (2) at the end of the 30 day bedrest period. The results showed: (1) when the subjects were control, a high orthostatic intolerance post bedrest with 3 syncopes and one presyncopal state during the first minutes of the tilt test; (2) when the subjects were submitted to LBNP sessions, no orthostatic intolerance.