增大表征振荡器能力的修正阿仑方差

阿仑方差σ_y~2(τ)事实上现在已经成为测量振荡器在时域中不稳定度的实用标准。振荡器的频率不稳定度常常可以用幂律谱S_y(f)～f~a拟出适当的模型,这里的y是归一化频率差,f是傅氏频率,a在某一傅氏频率范围内为常数。已经证明,用幂律谱,则有σ_y~2(τ)～τ~μ,当-3相似文献   

一种远距离控制的新型遥测接收机的设计特点

本文叙述了一种微处理机控制的新型单信道遥测接收机的某些设计特点,这种遥测接收机将用于正在出现的自动化遥测系统中。本文还介绍了各种可控制参数和接口方法。利用这种接口方法,将本接收机与控制器或另外一台从属接收机连接起来。与另一台从属接收机相联接时就构成一台远距离控制的双信道接收机。本文对接收机所使用的软件也作了一般介绍。谈到了一种新的四带宽调频解调器。这种解调器采用了现代技术,可以在整个接收机中频带宽范围内进行调频解调。其特点是有一个高增益限幅器,其输出波形的对称性极好,还有一个采用PIN二极管开关的线性移相网络的线性鉴相器,因此该解调器的线性度极好。此外,还介绍了一种宽角调相解调器。该解调器的特点是有一个新型的抗边带电路。这种电路利用调相反馈,基本上抵消了接收信号上的调制,从而防止锁到边带上。     

Superlow-Frequency MHD-Eigenoscillations With a Discrete Spectrum in Parabolic Model of Magnetosphere

A new concept of the global magnetospheric resonator is suggested for fast magnetosonic waves in which the role of the resonator is played by the near part of the plasma sheet. It is shown that the magnetosonic wave is confined in this region of the magnetosphere throughout its boundaries. The representative value of the resonator's eigenfrequency estimated at f ≈ 1 mHz is in good agreement with observational data on ultraThe theory explains the ground-based localization of the oscillations observed in the midnight-morning sector of the high-latitude magnetosphere.     

矢量自动网络分析仪的3.5mm和7mm两端口检验标准

为了提高微波测量的准确度,需要研制检验标准并利用检验标准来检查测量的准确度。文中介绍了3.5mm和7mm两端口检验标准的设计和注意事项、使其准确度、重复性和通用性均达到最佳状态。文中还阐明了使用检验标准所必须完成的四个重要步骤,检查测试端口、比较实测数据和校准数据的方法,以及对测试结果进行统计分析的方法。     

内涵道风扇带辅助增压级混合式涡扇发动机的性能计算

阐述了喷口亚临界工作状态下混合式涡扇发动机性能的计算方法,计算的特点在于所研究发动机的风扇在内涵道中辅助增压级。同时,列出了确定内涵道带辅助增压级的风扇及其涡轮共同工作的方法框图,在风扇特性图上表示了不同M数下的共同工作线,并对这类发动机的高度－速度特性进行了计算。     

美国空军关注下一代电子战飞机

USAFSizesUpNextElectronicCombatAircraft美国一些制造商现在又开始忙于向空军提出用来替代EA—6B“徘徊者”老龄电于战飞机的后继机方案了。其中一种是“联合攻击战斗机”（JS）的派生型,还有就是考虑将F—22改装为具有电子战能力,使其能偷偷突防到敌空防区纵深,并将目标摧毁之。新电子战飞机计划被如此关注的主要原因是对科索沃冲突详细评估的结果。美国空军认为这场冲突显示对于各种信息收集和电子战飞机的需求要大大增加,特别是像EA—6B的后继机,并要大大扩展战术干扰空中力量,以保护隐身和常规的攻击飞机。如果能在2001…     

Role of the astronaut in operating the Advanced Fluid Physics Module

The role of man in space is investigated in the operation of the Advanced Fluid Physics Module (AFPM), a scientific instrument dedicated to fluid physics research in a microgravity environment and flown on the Spacelab D2 mission. The astronaut involvement is addressed by applying the criteria of the THURIS study, conducted by NASA for the optimization of future manned space flights. Outcomes of the THURIS study are first summarized. The AFPM characteristics and interfaces are briefly presented. The five experiments performed on board Spacelab D2 are introduced and the involvement of the astronaut is described. Finally, THURIS criteria are applied to an AFPM experiment scenario. Results show that, of all the activities involved in the AFPM nominal operation, two thirds are related to hardware manipulation and to procedure following, while the last third uses the unique astronaut intellectual capabilities, making his presence in orbit mandatory for successful experiment completion.     

Carbonaceous cherts in the Barberton greenstone belt and their significance for the study of early life in the Archean record

The 3.5-3.2 Ga old volcano-sedimentary succession of the Barberton greenstone belt (South Africa) is characterized by lithological units that are repeated in a regular manner. Komatiitic, basaltic, and dacitic volcanic and volcaniclastic sequences are capped by zones of silica enrichment, followed by bedded carbonaceous cherts. Stratiform and crosscutting carbonaceous chert veins are common in silica alteration zones and bedded cherts. A detailed field study of several chert horizons and chert veins that range in age from 3.47 to 3.30 Ga revealed the importance of syndepositional hydrothermal activity for their origin. Bedded cherts consist of silicified detrital and tuffaceous sediments that were deposited on the seafloor. Silicification took place at the sediment-water interface as a result of diffuse upflow of low-temperature hydrothermal fluids, which gave rise to the formation of impermeable chert caps. Fluid overpressure resulted in the breaching of the cap rocks at times. Chert veins contain angular host rock fragments, replace wall rocks, and show evidence of multiple vein fillings and in situ brecciation of earlier generations of vein fillings. They represent hydraulic fractures that were initiated by overpressuring of the hydrothermal system. The vein networks were infilled, partly by hydrothermal chert precipitates, and partly by still unconsolidated (not yet silicified) sedimentary material derived from overlying sedimentary horizons. Field, petrographic, isotopic, and trace element evidence indicate that most carbonaceous matter represents sedimentary material that originated by biogenic processes in the Archean oceans and not by hydrothermal processes in the subsurface.     

Lichens survive in space: results from the 2005 LICHENS experiment

This experiment was aimed at establishing, for the first time, the survival capability of lichens exposed to space conditions. In particular, the damaging effect of various wavelengths of extraterrestrial solar UV radiation was studied. The lichens used were the bipolar species Rhizocarpon geographicum and Xanthoria elegans, which were collected above 2000 m in the mountains of central Spain and as endolithic communities inhabiting granites in the Antarctic Dry Valleys. Lichens were exposed to space in the BIOPAN-5 facility of the European Space Agency; BIOPAN-5 is located on the outer shell of the Earth-orbiting FOTON-M2 Russian satellite. The lichen samples were launched from Baikonur by a Soyuz rocket on May 31, 2005, and were returned to Earth after 16 days in space, at which time they were tested for survival. Chlorophyll fluorescence was used for the measurement of photosynthetic parameters. Scanning electron microscopy in back-scattered mode, low temperature scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the organization and composition of both symbionts. Confocal laser scanning microscopy, in combination with the use of specific fluorescent probes, allowed for the assessment of the physiological state of the cells. All exposed lichens, regardless of the optical filters used, showed nearly the same photosynthetic activity after the flight as measured before the flight. Likewise, the multimicroscopy approach revealed no detectable ultrastructural changes in most of the algal and fungal cells of the lichen thalli, though a greater proportion of cells in the flight samples had compromised membranes, as revealed by the LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit. These findings indicate that most lichenized fungal and algal cells can survive in space after full exposure to massive UV and cosmic radiation, conditions proven to be lethal to bacteria and other microorganisms. The lichen upper cortex seems to provide adequate protection against solar radiation. Moreover, after extreme dehydration induced by high vacuum, the lichens proved to be able to recover, in full, their metabolic activity within 24 hours.     

F-16XL为HSCT进行超音速层流试飞

目前一架F-16XL研究机已经被改装成一架超音速层流控制概念研究机。该机的左机翼被装上了一个带有很大的吸气表面翼套。这项试验将对美国高速民用运输机(HSCT),即下一代超音速民用飞机的研制具有重要的意义。装上新翼套的F-16XL已完成了首次飞行。为其制订的一系列试验计划将要验证仅仅使用目前的吸气技术是否能在超音速飞行下维持机翼表面的大部分区域为层流区,从理论上讲,通过对机翼前段翼型外形的正确设计,组