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891.
In a number of flights, cosmonauts and astronauts have experienced aggravation of their health status and general condition in the initial hours and days in a weightless environment. One of the trigger mechanisms for the onset of these unfavourable conditions at the start of space flight is a redistribution of body fluids and a blood shift towards the head. To ensure controlled hypohydration as a countermeasure to the deleterious effects of 0-g and to investigate the feasibility to control adaptation, six cosmonauts were administered lasix once a day during the first 3 days of a mission. All data of the experiment (correction test, questionnaire, hematocrit) were recorded on a special form in the logbook and transmitted to the control centre for processing. Results showed that the diuretic weakened the sensation of discomfort and improved the cosmonauts' general condition. Objective indices of the correction test indicate an increased work ability of cosmonauts. After hypohydration, circulating plasma volumes in the group were reduced by 6.8 + 1.0% on average. 相似文献
892.
基于预警卫星观测的弹道导弹运动状态估计算法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对预警卫星仅有角度测量信息,目标运动可观测性很弱,而导致最大似然弹道估计条件病态严重的问题,提出基于提供目标状态估计和联合误差协方差的Levenberg-Marquardt算法的修正最大似然估计(MML)算法.利用预警卫星初始观测时刻的目标高度和速度等部分先验信息作为伪测量量,推导出导弹运动状态参数估计的修正最大似然算法.最后,对算法进行了Monte-Carlo仿真研究,仿真结果表明估计误差同理论误差边界相当,验证了估计算法的一致性和有效性. 相似文献
893.
导弹姿态控制伺服系统的变结构控制 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为消除导弹姿态控制伺服系统变结构控制中的抖振,在状态轨迹与滑动平面夹角变结构控制律的基础上,将原来的二阶系统扩展为n阶。所设计的控制律兼具连续控制律与非连续控制律的优点,动态品质优良。仿真结果验证了理论分析的有效性。 相似文献
894.
895.
896.
Gravity effects on muscle and bone are a major impediment to long-term space travel. We introduce a model for studying these effects, the craniomandibular system. Some advantages of this system include: (1) craniomandibular morphology is determined by epigenetic factors including gravity, (2) relatively light forces can significantly alter its morphology, and (3) soft diet and tooth loss produce effects that are similar to those produced in lower limbs by weightlessness. In the study, implants made either of gold (experimental group) or lightweight acrylic (controls) were attached to adult rats' mandibles. After 13 weeks, the animals' skulls and mandibles were dissected. Pair-wise comparisons indicated that the experimental animals showed significantly shortened and narrowed cranial bases, and significant changes in the posterior zygomatic arch region. These results indicate that simulated macrogravity influences bone remodeling in the adult craniomandibular system. 相似文献
897.
Morphological, contractile properties and myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition of rat soleus muscles were studied after 2 weeks of unloading (HS) and after 2 weeks of HS associated with selective deafferentation (HS + DEAF) at the level L4 and L5. The same significant reductions in muscle mass and tetanic tension were found after HS and HS + DEAF. However, the transformation of the slow-twitch soleus muscle towards a faster type characterized by a decrease in twitch time parameters and an increase in fast-twitch type MHC isoforms in HS did not appear in HS + DEAF conditions. Our results also showed that a pattern similar to firing rate of motoneurones innervating slow-twitch muscles inhibited the slow to fast fiber changes observed during HS. Nevertheless, neither the loss of mass or force output in the HS muscles were prevented by electrostimulation. Immobilization in a stretched position during HS maintained the muscle wet weight, mechanical and electrophoretical characteristics close to control values. We concluded that the decrease in mechanical strains imposed on the muscle during unloading was the main factor for the development of atrophy, while the kinetic changes might be predominantly modulated by the nervous command. These basic data suggested that some experimental conditions such as electrostimulation or stretching, could participate in countermeasure programmes. 相似文献
898.
航天航空用新材料——难熔金属及其合金 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
综述了航天航空用新材料──难熔金属(钽、铼、钨、钼、铌)及其合金的性能、组织结构、加工工艺及其应用。 相似文献
899.
作为中国物质文化和精神文化的重要组成部分,她以其独特的民族风格、特殊的美质和魅力、独特的形式语言创造了耐人寻味的审美。其中所包含之“神性”使其气脉贯通,连绵不断,至今魅力依然。 相似文献
900.
用于海洋成像仪的离轴三反主光学系统设计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
海洋成像仪光学系统要求在宽视场内具有高空间分辨率。该成像仪处于35800km高的静止轨道,在2.46°视场内地面分辨率需要达到250m,光谱覆盖范围为0.4~11.5μm,包括可见光近红外12个通道和远红外两个通道。介绍了满足这些要求的离轴三反射镜主光学系统的设计及结果,像质达到了衍射极限。 相似文献