中巴资源一号卫星02星CCD相机实验室辐射定标算法分析

中巴资源一号卫星02星(CBERS-02)是中国自行研制的第一代传输型对地观测遥感卫星。2003年3月，卫星研制及应用部门联合进行了一次整星状态下的CCD相机定标实验。在完成定标数据采集任务后，采用不同的定标算法形成CBERS-02CCD相机实验室辐射定标校正数据，并对校正结果进行评价。文章首先介绍了CBERS-02卫星CCD相机实验室辐射定标，然后采用不同的定标算法获得定标校正数据。并对原始数据进行相对辐射校正，最后使用若干指标评价校正后的图像，同时分析了各种定标算法的有效性及精度。     

锥体目标空间进动特性分析及其参数提取

空间进动是弹道导弹中段飞行过程中锥体目标特有的运动特性，本文首先建立了锥体目标空间进动数学模型，给出了姿态角与空间进动参数的关系式，并利用进动参数获取了反映目标质量分布特性的惯量比。然后通过对目标RCS回波数据进行多项式拟合，估计进动参数，以此为雷达目标识别提供新的技术思路。仿真实验结果表明本文提出的算法能够有效估计出目标的进动角。     

对数字电路课程教学方式改革的探讨

在数字电路课程的教学过程中，更好的提高学生的动手能力和增强学生技能是培养合格技术人才的关键所在。重视实践教学，进行课程教学改革，是提高学生技能的行之有效方法。论文对数字电路课程教学模式的改革与创新进行了探索与研究。     

端羧基聚丁二烯推进剂的老化特性(第一部分:老化与交联特性)

本文研究了固化剂和防老剂对 CTPB 推进剂加速老化的影响。如果使用的固化剂在羧基当量以上,那么推进剂中过量的固化剂就起着填料的键合剂的作用,但其反应速度远远慢于粘合剂的固化速度。苯二胺类化合物(CTPB 粘合剂的稳定剂)不仅降低交联速度,而且也降低交联密度。推进剂中的少量水分,按一级反应使填料与粘合剂间的交联断裂,进而使聚合物解聚。CTPB 推进剂的交联密度约为1×10~(-3)克分子/(厘米)~3,比粘合剂的交联密度高一个数量级。     

Exercise response to simulated weightlessness

Two bed rest analog studies of space flight were performed; one 14 d and the other 28 d in duration. Exercise response was studied in detail during the 28 d study and following both the 14 d and 28 d studies. This paper relates the results of these studies to physiologic changes noted during and following space flight. The most consistent change noted after both bed rest and space flight is an elevated heart rate during exercise. A second consistent finding is a postflight or postbed rest reduction in cardiac stroke volume. Cardiac output changes were variable. The inability to simulate inflight activity levels and personal exercise makes a direct comparison between bed rest and the results from specific space flights difficult.     

Structural and functional changes in man accompanying the weightlessness in "Skylab" flights: a mathematical approach

The present paper reports a kinetic analysis of changes of some physiological parameters, obtained from international literature, after changes in gravitational environment. The overall phenomenology of the adaptation to weightlessness is characterized by a rapid process followed by a slow one. The two processes show half time values differing by about five times. Also in the case of readaptation to gravity, after recovery on the Earth, two well resolved processes, showing different half time values, are observed. It is of interest to notice that the rate of response to weightlessness is lower than that to gravity. Of course, the half time values observed depend on the different physiological parameters considered. In any case, the experimental data suggest a general trend of many adaptive changes, that may all be described by a simple mathematical model.     

离子发动机推进剂效率的研究

本文从理论和实验上研究了考夫曼型离子发动机的推进剂效率,给出了推进剂效率公式,发现这种离子发动机存在最大推进剂效率。在最大推进剂效率时,从引出系统逃逸的推进剂流量与输入的推进剂流量无关,与引出系统对中性原子的有效透明度和原初电子区的包络面积体积比成正比,进而得到了最大推进剂效率的相似公式,可用于预示输入流量和几何尺寸改变后的最大推进剂效率。本文还提出了由最大推进剂效率推算工作点推进剂效率的一种方法。     

Skylab experiment M-092: results of the first manned mission

Blood pressure at 30-sec intervals, heart rate, and percentage increase in leg volume continuously were recorded during a 25-min protocol in the M092 Inflight Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP) experiment carried out in the first manned Skylab mission. These data were collected during six tests on each crewman over a 5-month preflight period. The protocol consisted of a 5-min resting control period, 1 min at -8, 1 min at -16, 3 min at -30, 5 min at -40, and 5 min at -50 mm Hg LBNP. A 5-min recovery period followed. Inflight tests were performed at approximately 3-day intervals through the 28-day mission. Individual variations in cardiovascular responses to LBNP during the preflight period continued to be demonstrated in the inflight tests. Measurements of the calf indicated that a large volume of fluid was shifted out of the legs early in the flight and that a slower decrease in leg volume, presumably due to loss of muscle tissue, continued throughout the flight. Resting heart rates tended to be low early in the flight and to increase slightly as the flight progressed. Resting blood pressure varied but usually was characterized by slightly elevated systolic blood pressure, lower diastolic pressure, and higher pulse pressures than during preflight examinations. During LBNP inflight a much greater increase in leg volume occurred than in preflight tests. Large increases occurred even at the smallest levels of negative pressure, suggesting that the veins of the legs were relatively empty at the beginning of the LBNP. The greater volume of blood pooled in the legs was associated with greater increases of heart rate and diastolic pressure and larger falls of systolic and pulse pressure than seen in preflight tests. The LBNP protocol represented a greater stress inflight, and on three occasions it was necessary to stop the test early because of impending syncopal reactions. LBNP responses inflight appeared to predict the degree of postflight orthostatic intolerance. Postflight responses to LBNP during the first 48 hours were characterized by marked elevations of heart rate and instability of blood pressure. In addition, systolic and diastolic pressures were typically elevated considerably both at rest and also during stress. The time required for cardiovascular responses to return to preflight levels was much slower than in the case of Apollo crewmen.     

Mineral and nitrogen balance study: results of metabolic observations on Skylab II 28-day orbital mission

Prediction that the various stresses of flight, particularly weightlessness, would bring about significant derangements in the metabolism of the musculoskeletal system has been based on various observations of long-term immobilized or inactive bed rest. The only attempt at controlled measurement of metabolic changes in space prior to Skylab, a study during the 14-day Gemini VII flight, revealed rather modest losses of important elements. The three astronauts of Skylab II consumed a planned day-by-day, quite constant, dietary intake of major metabolic elements in mixed foods and beverages and provided virtually complete collections of excreta for 31 days preflight, during the 28 days inflight, and for 17 days postflight. Analyses showed that, in varying degree among the crewmen, urinary calcium increased gradually during flight in a pattern similar to that observed in bed-rest studies: the mean plateau peak of urinary calcium excretion in the latter part of flight was double preflight levels. Fecal calcium excretion did not change significantly, but calcium balance, owing to the urinary calcium rise, became either negative or less positive than in preflight measurement. Increased excretion and negative balance of nitrogen and phosphorus indicated appreciable loss of muscle tissue in all three crewmen. Significant losses also occurred inflight in potassium, sodium, and magnesium. Based on the similarity in pattern and degree between these observations and those in bed rest of the losses in calcium, phosphorus, and nitrogen, musculoskeletal integrity would not be threatened in space flights of up to at least 3 months. However, if similar changes occur, indicative of continuing losses of these elements, in the planned Skylab flights for considerably more than 28 days, concern for capable musculoskeletal function should be serious for flights of very many months' duration, and greater research attention will need to be given to development of protective counter-measures.     

气象卫星云图的几何校正

气象卫星云图的几何失真较大,为了进行精确的几何校正,本文提出了经纬线网格校正方法。该方法分两步:第一步是根据气象卫星轨道参数对云图在大尺度范围内进行几何校正,即在云图上加上经纬线网格;第二步是在感兴趣的局部区域内根据经纬线网格进行精确的几何校正。实验证明,这种几何校正方法可以获得较高的精度。