利用双目标优化寻求颤振抑制控制律

本文对一个三角机翼/外挂系统的颤振主动抑制进行了系统的研究。在理论上,对如何应用现代控制理论设计优化控制律进行了探讨;对非定常气动力拟合的Pade矩阵近似作了改进;提出了用理想极点和二次型性能指标进行双目标优化来确定加权矩阵的思想;在实现上,用状态观测器和单秩法极点配置两种方法设计了输出反馈控制律。风洞实验结果表明:用本文的方法所综合的控制律是合适有效的,成功地使机翼/外挂系统的颤振速度提高了15.7％,与理论计算结果吻合良好。     

含多部位损伤搭接结构应力强度因子三维有限元分析

应力强度因子(Stress intensity factor,SIF)分析是含多部位损伤(Multiple site damage,MSD)结构剩余强度和裂纹扩展寿命预测的基础和关键。考虑接触与摩擦,建立了含MSD搭接结构的三维有限元模型,研究了不同裂纹长度、铆钉类型以及损伤模式下裂纹尖端SIF分布情况和变化规律。结果表明,搭接件孔边裂纹Ⅰ型SIF起主导作用,Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型SIF可忽略不计。由于次弯曲、铆钉变形和板厚度等因素,SIF在外表面最小,接触面一侧较大,最大值多位于蒙皮内部。MSD会使裂纹间的干涉作用增强,SIF增大,且裂纹间距离越近干涉作用越强。裂纹长度相同时,埋头铆钉的孔边裂纹SIF积分均值大于平头铆钉,且接触面的SIF埋头铆钉大于平头铆钉,外表面则相反。     

跨介质航行器流体动力外形仿生设计

跨介质航行器是一种可在空中与水中两栖巡航并能自由穿越水气界面的新概念海空两栖无人运动平台,需要具备良好的入水和出水性能及较小的水下流体阻力。采用两种生物组合仿生的设计思想,利用全自动三维影像扫描仪获取具有优良入水性能的翠鸟头部和龙虱身体的形体特征点云数据,应用傅立叶级数拟合方法拟合特征曲线,设计了一种跨介质航行器流体动力外形,为减小航行器入水冲击载荷、降低水下航行阻力提供了设计方案。     

纳米银膏与微米银膏烧结连接对比

用粒径20~80nm的纳米银膏和粒径1~3μm的微米银膏进行了烧结连接镀银铜块的对比实验.借助热/力物理模拟试验机Gleeble 1500D对接头剪切强度进行了测定.用扫描电镜及能谱分析仪对接头的微观组织进行了观察和分析.结果表明:在相同的连接条件下纳米银膏烧结连接的剪切强度明显高于微米银膏烧结连接的剪切强度.接头断口和显微组织分析表明,在相同条件下,纳米银膏烧结接头组织的质密性好于微米银膏烧结接头的组织质密性.在微米银连接接头中,由于Cu块-烧结银层间的界面处存在裂纹,其剪切强度较低.     

计及壁面传热的微型向心涡轮气动设计探讨

毫米级微型向心涡轮传热效应显著区别于常规向心涡轮,发展计及壁面传热效应的微型向心涡轮的气动设计方法对微型燃气轮机的设计具有重要意义.根据微型向心涡轮壁面非绝热的特点,通过理论分析,初步建立了计及固壁传热效应的微型向心涡轮速度三角形的分析模型.在此基础上发展了计及传热效应的微型向心涡轮的气动设计方法.分析得到了考虑传热影响的微型向心涡轮设计规律.利用三维数值模拟手段对模型和设计方法进行了验证.结果初步表明所发展计及壁面传热效应的模型和微型向心涡轮气动设计方法具有较好的可行性.     

Scientific objectives and payloads of Tianwen-1, China’s first Mars exploration mission

This paper describes the scientific objectives and payloads of Tianwen-1, China’s first exploration mission to Mars. An orbiter, carrying a lander and a rover, lifted-off in July 2020 for a journey to Mars where it should arrive in February 2021. A suite of 13 scientific payloads, for in-situ and remote sensing, autonomously commanded by integrated payload controllers and mounted on the orbiter and the rover will study the magnetosphere and ionosphere of Mars and the relation with the solar wind, the atmosphere, surface and subsurface of the planet, looking at the topography, composition and structure and in particular for subsurface ice. The mission will also investigate Mars climate history. It is expected that Tianwen-1 will contribute significantly to advance our scientific knowledge of Mars.     

焊后热处理对高温运行10CrMo910钢管接头持久寿命的影响

本文通过１０ＣｒＭｏ９１０钢大口径厚壁管道高温模拟试验证实，焊后热处理是一个短时超高温运行过程，它使１０ＣｒＭｏ９１０钢管接头组织提前老化，显著降低了接头的持久寿命。试验结果表明，传统的焊后热处理工序应当取消。     

利用均匀抽吸地板进行高速列车模型地板边界层影响的试验研究

在KD－03低速风洞中研制了一种边界层可人为控制的均匀抽吸地板。研究了在各种来流速度下均匀抽吸地板上边界层与抽吸系数的关系。在该地板上对高速列车模型气动力与地板边界层的关系进行了实验研究。对实验的几种模型状态，边界层吸除使列车模型所受阻力、负向升力和低头力矩均有明显增加，其增量与模型底部形状有关；在有侧滑角时，边界层吸除对模型气动力的六个分量均有影响。在没有边界层控制的固定地板上进行高速列车模型风洞实验，会使实验结果固边界层的影响而产生较大偏差。利用均匀抽吸地板可有效地消除边界层的影响，从而较准确地模拟地面效应的影响，提高高速列车模型风洞实验气动载荷的实验精度。而且，它的实验结果可为没有地板边界层控制装置的风洞中同类模型实验的边界层修正提供参考依据。     

Ionospheric scintillations at Guilin detected by GPS ground-based and radio occultation observations

The occurrence of ionospheric scintillations with S4 ? 0.2 was studied using GPS measurements at Guilin, China (25.29°N, 110.33°E; geomagnetic: 15.04°N, 181.98°E), a station located near the northern crest of the equatorial anomaly. The results are presented for data collected from January 2009 to March 2010. The results show that nighttime amplitude scintillations only took place in February and March of the considered years, while daytime amplitude scintillations occurred in August and December of 2009. Nighttime amplitude scintillations, observed in the south of Guilin, always occurred with phase scintillations, TEC (Total Electron Content) depletions, and ROT (Rate Of change of TEC) fluctuations. However, TEC depletions and ROT fluctuations were weak during daytime amplitude scintillations, and daytime amplitude scintillations always took place simultaneously for most of the GPS satellites which appeared over Guilin in different azimuth directions. Ground-based GPS scintillation/TEC observations recorded at Guilin and signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) measurements obtained from GPS-COSMIC radio occultation indicate that nighttime and daytime scintillations are very likely caused by ionospheric F region irregularities and sporadic E, respectively. Moreover, strong daytime amplitude scintillations may be associated with the plasma density enhancements in ionospheric E region caused by the Perseid and Geminid meteor shower activities.     

智能多通道测温仪

本文介绍以8031单片机为核心设计的智能多通道测温仪的构成、工作原理、程序设计以及温度传感器的非线性修正和仪器的精度分析。