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981.
提出了水中钛合金电火花加工辅助电流抑制杂散腐蚀的加工方法,利用辅助电源施加阴极电流的方式使金属界面呈负电性并达到足够负的电极电位以抑制杂散腐蚀的发生。研究了杂散腐蚀的产生机理和辅助电流对杂散腐蚀的抑制机理,对添加辅助电流前后钛合金表面进行了电场仿真分析、实验验证、表面形貌及组份分析。结果表明:采用辅助电流的方式能有效地消除水中钛合金电火花加工中存在的杂散腐蚀。 相似文献
982.
Hui-Qin Luan Lian-Wen Sun Yun-Fei Huang Ying Wang Colin J. McClean Yu-Bo Fan 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2014
Osteopenia is a pathological process that affects human skeletal health not only on earth but also in long-time spaceflight. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is a nondestructive method for assessing both bone quantity and bone quality. To investigate the characteristics of micro-CT on evaluating the microgravity-induced osteopenia (e.g. early detection time and the sensitive parameters), the bone loss process of tail-suspended rats was monitored by micro-CT in this study. 8-Week-old female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups: tail suspension (TS) and control (CON). Volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and microstructure of the femur and tibia were evaluated in vivo by micro-CT at 0, 7, 14, 22 days. Biomechanical properties of the femur and tibia were determined by three-point bending test. The ash weight of bone was also investigated. The results showed that (1) bone loss in the proximal tibia appeared earlier than in the distal femur. (2) On day 7, the percent bone volume (BV/TV) of the tibia 15.44% decreased significantly, and the trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) 30.29% increased significantly in TS group, both of which were detected earlier than other parameters. (3) Biomechanical properties (e.g. femur, −22.4% maximum load and −23.75% Young’s modulus vs. CON) and ash weight of the femur and tibia decreased significantly in the TS group in comparison to CON group. (4) vBMD of the femur and tibia were clearly related to bone ash and dry weight (r = 0.75–0.87, p < 0.05). (5) BV/TV of both femur and tibia were clearly related to maximum load and Young’s modulus (r = 0.66–0.87, p < 0.05). Similarly, trabecular vBMD and BV/TV of the femur and tibia were clearly related to Young’s modulus (r = 0.73–0.89, p < 0.05). These indicated that BV/TV and Tb.Sp were more sensitive than other parameters for evaluating bone loss induced by tail suspension, moreover, trabecular vBMD and other parameters might be used to evaluate bone strength. Therefore, micro-CT is a reliable and sensitive method for predicting unloading-induced bone loss in small animals. 相似文献
983.
Validation of a Compression Mass Gauge using ground tests for liquid propellant mass measurements 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Juan Fu Xiaoqian Chen Yiyong Huang Xiaolong Li 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2014
To properly estimate orbital lifetimes and predict the maneuverability of spacecraft, the remaining liquid propellant mass must be accurately known at every moment of a space mission. This paper studies the Compression Mass Gauge (CMG) method to determine the mass of liquid contained in a tank in a low-gravity environment with high accuracy. CMG is a thermodynamic method used to determine the quantity of liquid by measuring the gas pressure change when the tank volume changes, and has been previously theoretically and experimentally studied by researchers. The primary objective of this investigation is to explore the effects of attitude disturbance and the spacecraft thermal environment on the accuracy of the method. A ground test system, consisting of several test apparatuses, was fabricated and described as part of this study. The test results and analyses indicate that the CMG performs well and has an accuracy of ±1%. Additionally, demonstrations were performed to show that measurement errors do not increase drastically or exceed ±1% when the test system is vibrated to simulate the tank being perturbed as a result of an attitude disturbance. Liquid sloshing resonance was found to have a significant effect on the gauging accuracy. Measurements in a real thermal environment in which heat transfers into and out of the propellant tank were also conducted. The results show that the gauging accuracy is acceptable for normal liquid propellant. Furthermore, theoretical research shows that heat leakage has a significant influence on cryogenic propellant mass gauging. 相似文献
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986.
飞机燃油箱气相空间平衡氧浓度理论研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
油箱上部空间平衡氧浓度的确定是设计机载油箱惰性化系统的基础。采用微元段计算方法,在考虑载油量、压力随飞行高度变化、燃油温度和燃油蒸汽压的情况下,建立了油箱上部气相空间平衡氧浓度的数学模型。首先将模型计算结果与文献公布的数据进行了比较,验证了模型的正确性。然后分析了不同因素对平衡氧浓度的影响。研究结果表明:不同燃油的氧氮溶解特性会对平衡氧浓度造成直接影响;平衡氧浓度与载油量有关,且不呈线性关系;燃油温度增加后,平衡氧浓度下降;此外,随着飞行高度增加,由于气相空间总压和氧氮分压下降,燃油的蒸汽压对平衡氧浓度的影响也越大。研究结果将为惰性化气体流量的估算和设计提供一定的理论基础。 相似文献
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988.
989.
X射线脉冲星导航系统(XNAV,X-ray Pulsar Based Navigation)能够为航天器提供自主的定位服务,但是XNAV存在精度较差,且受航天器钟差和脉冲星时间模型误差的影响而产生近似常值偏差的缺点.分析与仿真指出,在采用XNAV单独导航时需要2颗脉冲星可达到完全观测,而采用XNAV和星间观测的组合导航时仅需要1颗脉冲星即可达到完全观测,同时组合导航能够将轨道修正的精度提高10倍以上,并将由于常值偏差造成的估计误差抑制在0.2 m以内.在现实的噪声设定下,采用标准XNAV单独进行轨道修正,仅需要两颗脉冲星即可取得50 m以内的估计精度;而采用组合导航时,在单脉冲星的导航方案下,系统的估计精度为5 m以内.分析结果表明:基于单脉冲星导航的组合导航,是一种高精度、低需求,容易实现的卫星轨道估计方案. 相似文献
990.
航空发动机喷嘴结焦积碳的性质 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
针对航空燃料燃烧时会在航空发动机喷嘴处产生大量结焦积碳,影响航空飞行器的飞行安全和使用寿命这一问题,研究了某型航空发动机喷嘴零部件上结焦积碳的生成情况.采用扫描电镜(SEM,Scanning Electron Microscope)、透射电镜(TEM,Transmission Electron Microscopy)、能谱仪(EDS,Energy Disperse Spectroscopy)以及X射线衍射技术(XRD,X-ray Diffraction)对结焦积碳的微观形态和性质进行了分析.结果表明:喷嘴零部件上生成的结焦积碳主要有两种形态:一种是丝状焦,另一种是颗粒状焦.其中,丝状焦只出现在零部件表面较光滑的位置,包括短纤维丝状焦和不定形丝状焦,是由金属催化作用所形成的;其形成与喷嘴零部件的结构、材质及表面粗糙度有关.颗粒状焦则主要集中在活塞表面,包括颗粒团聚状焦和颗粒分散状焦,是由催化作用与燃料热裂解共同作用所形成的. 相似文献