雷诺数对大后掠小展弦比飞机纵向气动特性影响修正的工程计算方法

在非线性迎角范围内,雷诺数通过对机翼脱体涡和前机身体涡影响来改变飞机的纵向气动特性。由于现有风洞条件所限,在这一范围内,使用变雷诺数试验方法把试验数据外插到飞行值非常困难。为解决这一问题,本文给出了一种基于全尺寸飞行前缘雷诺数计算出外露翼可得到的前缘推力系数,并通过风洞试验求出试验条件下机翼上可得到的前缘推力系数,从而获得雷诺数对气动特性影响量的工程计算方法。该方法适用于翼面产生脱体涡流型或脱体涡占优（涡破裂前）所引起的非线性问题。     

敏捷性研究的进展

继敏捷性和过失速机动一文后，继续跟踪国外有关敏捷性问题的进展，就敏捷性定义；敏捷性的量度及其与飞行品质的关系；用有人驾驶的模拟器评估敏捷性；从敏捷性角度考虑一体化飞行控制系统设计等方面作了综述和评估。     

双曲型守恒律的无振荡中心差分格式

讨论了双曲型守恒律的一类无振荡中心差分格式。Ｈ．Ｎｅｓｙａｈｕ和Ｅ．Ｔａｄｍｏｒ研究了以交错型ＬａｘＦｒｉｅｄｒｉｃｈ格式（ＬｘＦ）为模块的无振荡中心格式的构造与熵不等式。此类格式利用高阶的ＭＵＳＣＬ型插值替代一阶分片常数逼近,减少了ＬａｘＦｒｉｅｄｒｉｃｈ格式的过多数值粘性,建立了一维标量非线性双曲型守恒律的一类高分辨格式。讨论以非交错ＬａｘＦｒｉｅｄｒｉｃｈ格式为模块建立起的差分格式。证明了此格式具有二阶精度、ＴＶＤ性质并在一定条件下满足熵条件。     

Mechanical Properties and Transformation Behavior of NiTiNb Shape Memory Alloys

NiTiNb shape memory alloys have attracted much attention in pipe coupling or sealing system because of their large transformation hysteresis upon a proper pre-deformation. In order to clarify the effects of adding Nb on the mechanical properties as well as the transformation behavior of NiTiNb shape memory alloys, Ni₄₇Ti₄₄Nb₉ and Ni_49.8Ti_45.2Nb₅ alloys with different microstructures but with similar martensitic transformation start temperature, are prepared. Comparative studies on the microstructures, mechanical properties and transformation characteristics are conducted by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), phase transformation measurements and mechanical property tests. It is found that Ni₄₇Ti₄₄Nb₉ and Ni_49.8Ti_45.2Nb₅ alloys possess similar transformation hysteresis in the as-annealed state. However, the presence of Nb and its status exerts important effects on the mechanical properties, especially the yield strength and the yield behavior of the alloys. Ni_49.8Ti_45.2Nb₅ alloy exhibits remarkable increase in the yield strength than the Ni₄₇Ti₄₄Nb₉ alloy. The transformation hysteresis of both alloys under pre-deformation is characterized and the relative mechanism is discussed.     

Design and Experiments of Model-free Compound Controller of Flight Simulator

A model-free compound controller design method is proposed to achieve the wide frequency bandwidth requirement of flight simulators. The method based on quantitative feedback theory, acquires system uncertainty under different working conditions through closed-loop identification with power spectrum estimation. Then in controller designing, it makes a tradeoff between the strict requirements for magnitude-frequency characteristics and those for phase-frequency characteristics of flight simulators, by converting the indices of magnitude-frequency characteristics of flight simulators into quantitative feedback theory-based tracking specification bounds and using feedforward controller to attain the required phase-frequency characteristics. Simulation and experimental results indicate that, when used to design inner frame controller of flight simulator, the proposed method can fulfill the requirements for wide frequency bandwidth indices. Compared with other controller design methods, it has the property of model-free and transparency.     

基于非结构嵌套网格方法的旋翼地面效应数值模拟

 建立了一个基于非结构嵌套网格的流场求解器,用来精确模拟复杂的旋翼近地流场,为更好地分析地面效应(IGE)对旋翼气动特性的影响提供一套计算方法。在该求解器中,控制方程采用惯性坐标系下的非定常N-S方程,空间方向上采用二阶迎风格式,并用背景网格的一个面模拟地面作用,以方便地面边界条件的处理。应用所建立的模型,首先针对有实验结果可供对比的旋翼无地面效应（OGE）流场进行了数值模拟,以验证计算方法。然后着重计算了IGE下流场中的桨尖涡空间位置和旋翼拉力增益,并对旋翼在小速度前飞状态下的近地流场及地面涡形成过程进行了模拟和分析。在此基础上,得出了一些有意义的结论。     

电液负载模拟器的神经网络参数辨识

基于神经网络,提出一种根据参数上下界辨识系统参数的新方法。在建立电液负载模拟器模型的基础上,在待辨识参数的上下界内,使用神经网络对动态系统的参数进行辨识,找到一组参数使之满足对实际系统的最佳逼近,使系统在实际输入信号下能更好地复现实际系统的实际输出。并使用另一组实验数据检验辨识结果对实际系统的任意实际输入输出采样数据组的逼近程度。验证结果表明该辨识结果能很精确地逼近实际系统。该方法可用于一般复杂系统的实际参数辨识。     

基于蜻蜓膜翅结构的飞机加强框的仿生设计

由于机动性和能耗的要求,飞机设计过程当中轻量化设计是十分重要的。经过亿万年的进化,在承受自身重量及生长环境的载荷过程中,生物体获得了适应环境的最优结构。通过分析蜻蜓膜翅和飞机机身加强框的结构相似性,提取决定蜻蜓膜翅结构优良力学性能的结构特征,将其应用到飞机机身加强框的设计当中,并用有限元工具验证了结构的优化效果。在同样的承载条件下,仿生型结构的比刚度比原型结构提高了2%~6%,比强度提高了1%~8%。同时,仿生型结构的最大应力减小,而最小应力明显增大,因此其应力分布更加均匀,从而体现了仿生结构件材料的优化分布和最大效能。     

基于常规多普勒滤波器组结构的合成宽带距离像性能分析

为了消除散布效应对宽带信号的不利影响,可以利用多个窄带信号合成宽带信号;同时,通过在子带内处理相干脉冲串,可进行杂波抑制、目标速度估计和区分不同速度的目标。然而,在子带内分别使用常规多普勒滤波器组,会引进多普勒散布效应所造成的输出失配误差,从而造成合成距离像的失真。分析了多普勒散布效应与子带常规多普勒滤波器组输出失配之间的关系,推导了运动目标通过滤波器组后所成高分辨距离像的距离走动公式,给出了适合子带常规多普勒滤波器组的目标速度临界值。仿真实验验证了以上结论。     

GNSS global real-time augmentation positioning: Real-time precise satellite clock estimation,prototype system construction and performance analysis

Lots of ambiguities in un-differenced (UD) model lead to lower calculation efficiency, which isn’t appropriate for the high-frequency real-time GNSS clock estimation, like 1 Hz. Mixed differenced model fusing UD pseudo-range and epoch-differenced (ED) phase observations has been introduced into real-time clock estimation. In this contribution, we extend the mixed differenced model for realizing multi-GNSS real-time clock high-frequency updating and a rigorous comparison and analysis on same conditions are performed to achieve the best real-time clock estimation performance taking the efficiency, accuracy, consistency and reliability into consideration. Based on the multi-GNSS real-time data streams provided by multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) and Wuhan University, GPS + BeiDou + Galileo global real-time augmentation positioning prototype system is designed and constructed, including real-time precise orbit determination, real-time precise clock estimation, real-time Precise Point Positioning (RT-PPP) and real-time Standard Point Positioning (RT-SPP). The statistical analysis of the 6 h-predicted real-time orbits shows that the root mean square (RMS) in radial direction is about 1–5 cm for GPS, Beidou MEO and Galileo satellites and about 10 cm for Beidou GEO and IGSO satellites. Using the mixed differenced estimation model, the prototype system can realize high-efficient real-time satellite absolute clock estimation with no constant clock-bias and can be used for high-frequency augmentation message updating (such as 1 Hz). The real-time augmentation message signal-in-space ranging error (SISRE), a comprehensive accuracy of orbit and clock and effecting the users’ actual positioning performance, is introduced to evaluate and analyze the performance of GPS + BeiDou + Galileo global real-time augmentation positioning system. The statistical analysis of real-time augmentation message SISRE is about 4–7 cm for GPS, whlile 10 cm for Beidou IGSO/MEO, Galileo and about 30 cm for BeiDou GEO satellites. The real-time positioning results prove that the GPS + BeiDou + Galileo RT-PPP comparing to GPS-only can effectively accelerate convergence time by about 60%, improve the positioning accuracy by about 30% and obtain averaged RMS 4 cm in horizontal and 6 cm in vertical; additionally RT-SPP accuracy in the prototype system can realize positioning accuracy with about averaged RMS 1 m in horizontal and 1.5–2 m in vertical, which are improved by 60% and 70% to SPP based on broadcast ephemeris, respectively.