A fast satellite selection algorithm with floating high cut-off elevation angle based on ADOP for instantaneous multi-GNSS single-frequency relative positioning

With the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) developing, the single-frequency single-epoch multiple GNSSs (multi-GNSS) relative positioning has become feasible. Since a larger number of the observed satellites make the instantaneous (single-epoch) positioning time-consuming, a proper satellite selection is necessary. Among the present methods, the satellite selection with a fixed high cut-off elevation angle (CEA) is least time-consuming. However, there is no criterion how large a fixed high CEA should be to achieve a high success rate and less time consumption. Besides, a fixed high CEA makes the number of visible satellites largely variable, which affects the success rate. Hence, a satellite selection strategy based on ambiguity dilution of precision (ADOP) is proposed. Firstly, the theoretical proof that the ADOP increases the least when removing satellites are all low-elevation-angle satellites is given, which is important to achieve the fast positioning with a high success rate. Then, the threshold $\beta$ is calculated for a different number of satellites and a given ADOP. The satellites are selected based on their elevation angles from high to low until $\beta$ of the selected satellites becomes smaller than the corresponding threshold; this method is called the extended floating CEA multi-GNSS (EF-multi-GNSS). The comparison of the single-frequency single-epoch positioning performance of the EF-multi-GNSS with the satellite selections based on a fixed low CEA (L-multi-GNSS) and a fixed high CEA (H-multi-GNSS) via the relative positioning experiments shows that: (1) the EF-multi-GNSS with a minimal number of satellites can achieve the fast positioning and a high success rate close to 100%. It can greatly reduce the time consumption of the L-multi-GNSS, by about 64.0%, by selecting 12.6 satellites of 23.4 satellites; (2) the floating CEA of EF-multi-GNSS eliminates the consideration how large a fixed high CEA should be, and a CEA larger than the fixed high CEA of the H-multi-GNSS makes it more suitable for different conditions.     

先进镁合金材料及其在航空航天领域中的应用

文章介绍了上海交通大学轻合金精密成型国家工程研究中心在先进镁合金材料与成型工艺的研究进展,重点介绍了JDM1和JDM2两种镁合金新材料的显微组织与强化机制,详细介绍了涂层转移精密铸造技术、大型铸件低压铸造技术、大型锻件成型技术和表面超声波阳极氧化技术等4种镁合金成型新工艺,最后介绍了JDM1和JDM2合金及成型新工艺在我国航空航天领域中的应用。     

复合材料散斑检测中的小波降噪技术

电子剪切散斑干涉检测技术非常适宜复合材料的无损检测。但散斑图像往往含有较大的噪声,如何对散斑图像进行降噪处理是一个非常重要的问题。小波变换是变分辨率的分析方法,可以有效地降低噪声,而同时又较好地保存了图像细节,本文应用小波降噪技术来对散斑图像进行降噪处理,取得了较好的效果。     

Deramp range migration processing for space-borne spotlight synthetic aperture radar

The deramp range migration algorithm (DRMA) for space-borne spotlight synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is presented, which is based on the two-step algorithm and range migration algorithm. The presented algorithm combines the advantages of SPECAN algorithm and range migration algorithm. Firstly, the presented algorithm performs a bulk azimuth raw data compression to achieve a pixel spacing no larger than the expected azimuth resolution of the fully focused image. Therefore, the azimuth spectral folding phenomenon is overcome. Secondly, the residual and precise focusing of the synthetic aperture radar data is achieved by applying the range migration algorithm. The space-borne SAR focusing parameters’ computation is also described in the paper. At the end of this paper, results are presented which confirm the validity of the presented algorithm.     

可重复使用运载器再入轨迹次实时优化

新一代可重复使用运载器RLV(Reusable Launch Vehicle)再入时应具备自主导航的能力,其实现的关键是用机载计算机近实时或实时地生成一条满足各种约束条件的再入轨迹.根据RLV再入的特点,引入了新的假设,对再入轨迹方程进行简化处理,优化难度降低,工作量减少.另外引入次优化轨迹的概念,对控制量(迎角和滚转角)的优化分两步进行,每步只对当中一个控制量进行优化.这样处理能在很大程度上加快算法的收敛速度.仿真结果表明,只需10s左右的时间就能产生一条满足终端约束条件、控制量约束条件和加热率约束条件的次优化轨迹.其结果具有较好的工程应用价值.      

空间电子、质子和紫外综合辐照模拟试验研究

文章介绍了地面模拟地球同步轨道15年电子、质子和紫外环境的综合辐照模拟试验技术,为长寿命卫星热设计及热控涂层选型提供可靠依据。试验采用空间低能综合环境试验设备、太阳吸收率原位测试系统,针对卫星各种表面材料如S781白漆、SR107-ZK白漆、F46镀银和OSR二次表面镜等进行了空间低能综合辐照试验,与已有的飞行试验数据进行对比研究,结果表明：本次试验能够较准确地反映航天器在轨道上材料的退化现象。     

软件定义的GNSS反射信号接收机设计

分析了导航卫星反射信号的特点,给出了反射信号软件接收机的总体结构及其主要模块,主要包括接收直射和反射信号的天线、射频前端和高速A/D变换器,以及数据处理用的计算机.重点介绍了反射信号处理的基本过程,其中主要讨论了本地反射信号C/A码的生成模式,在此基础上分析了反射信号相关功率的计算方法,并给出了具体的仿真计算实例.设计了反射信号处理的具体实现软件,包括详细的流程图,关键参数和主要函数的定义及用户界面,利用实际采集的数据进行了验证,结果表明所设计的反射信号接收机运行稳定,能根据用户输入的不同参数提供导航卫星反射信号的相关功率输出.     

汽车DYC模糊PID控制方法

直接横摆力矩控制DYC(Direct Yaw-Moment Control)是提高汽车操纵稳定性特性的重要方法,其研究对于提高汽车的主动安全性具有重要意义.在深入研究汽车操纵动力学和先进控制理论的基础上,设计了具有智能积分模块的模糊PID(Proportion-Integral-Differential)控制器,将该控制方法应用于DYC控制.建立了能够反映车辆转向工况基本动力学性质的车辆动力学模型,在Simulink环境下对开发的智能积分模糊PID控制器进行了仿真测试与分析.仿真结果验证了算法的可行性和有效性,表明智能积分模糊PID控制方法可以实现较为理想的DYC控制效果,在该领域具有良好的应用前景.     

水对ＰＡＮ／ＤＭＳＯ／Ｈ２Ｏ的流变行为和原丝性能的影响

研究了水对PAN/DMSO/H2O纺丝液的流变行为和可纺性能的影响.结果表明,在较高的剪切速率下,PAN溶液表现出"切力变稀".而在较低的剪切速率下,随着温度的增加,溶液黏度逐渐变低.水含量对溶液的黏度有较大影响.随着体系中水含量的不同,H2O-PAN之间的水和作用于水的脱溶剂作用之间形成竞争,从而决定黏度的变化.适量水的加入可以提高纤维的力学性能.随着纤维拉伸倍数的增加,聚丙烯腈纤维的断裂强度增加,断裂伸长率下降.在一定的纺丝条件下,随着含水量的增加,纺丝原液的可纺性会降低.而适量的水有利于获得具有弥散状微孔的均一结构的原丝.     

航空发动机非理想解耦自适应控制

本文对航空发动机的双变量控制方法进行了研究, 提出了一种非理想解耦自适应控制方法, 各子系统之间部分残余的相互耦合和非线性影响就通过自适应律本身的鲁棒性来解决。仿真结果表明该控制系统实现了解耦控制, 对发动机模型参数在大范围内的变化均有良好的控制效果。