A comparative study of ionospheric spread-F and scintillation at low- and mid-latitudes in China during the 24th solar cycle

The spread-F echo of ionograms and scintillation of satellite signal propagation along the Earth-space path are two typical phenomena induced by ionospheric irregularities. In this study, we obtained spread-F data from HF (high frequency) digital ionosonde and scintillation index (S4) data from L-band and UHF receivers at low- and mid-latitudes in China during the 24th solar cycle. These four sites were located at Haikou (HK) (20°N, 110.34°E), Kunming (KM) (25.64°N, 103.72°E), Qingdao (QD) (36.24°N, 120.42°E), and Manzhouli (MZL) (49.56°N, 117.52°E). We used these data to investigate spread-F and scintillation occurrence percentages and variations with local time, season, latitude and solar activity. A comparative study of spread-F and scintillation occurrence rates has been made. The main conclusions are as follows: (a) FSF occurred mostly during post-midnight, while RSF and scintillation appeared mainly during pre-midnight at HK and KM; (b) FSF occurrence rates were larger at QD and MZL than expected; (c) the FSF occurrence percentages were anti-correlated with solar activity at HK and KM; meanwhile RSF and scintillation occurrence rates increased with the increase of solar activity at this two sites; (d) the highest FSF occurrence rates mostly appeared during the summer months, while RSF and scintillation occurred mostly in the equinoctial months at HK and KM; (e) the scintillation occurrence was usually associated with the appearance of RSF, probably due to a different physical mechanism comparing with FSF. Some of these results verified the conclusions of previous papers, whereas some show slight difference. These results are important in understanding ionospheric irregularities variations characteristic at low- and mid-latitudes in China.     

Deployment simulation of a scalable planar gossamer space structure based on Miura-ori pattern

Miura-ori is a rigid origami structure utilized in the packaging of deployable solar panels for use in space or in the folding of maps. It's pattern can largely reduce the membrane stress and improve the work efficiency. Inspired by origami structures, we numerically and experimentally studied a scalable solar sail structure. As an improvement of the existing membrane simulations, a variable Poisson's ratio model considering the wrinkling effect of the membrane was introduced. We focused on a quadrant shape and studied how its geometry parameters and initial imperfections affect the membrane mechanical behavior. We also designed and fabricated a pantographic mechanism as an origami membrane actuator. In addition, design protocols of deployment applied to a scalable gossamer structure were proposed.     

High-temperature tribological behaviors of a Cr-Si co-alloyed layer on TA15 alloy

A Cr-Si co-alloyed layer was successfully deposited on TA15 alloy by the double glow plasma surface technology to improve its poor wear resistance at elevated temperature.The microstructure,composition,and phase structure of the layer were investigated by SEM,EDS,and XRD.The tribological behaviors of the Cr-Si co-alloyed layer at 20 ℃ and 500 ℃ were analyzed in details.The results indicated that the friction coefficient and wear rate of the Cr-Si coalloyed layer at 20 ℃ and 500 ℃ were much lower than those of the substrate,which was due to higher hardness and superior elastic modulus.This layer may become an approach to effectively improving the wear resistance of TA15 alloy at elevated temperature.     

基于激光激励的火工冲击响应及其特性研究

针对传统火工冲击激励方法在频率范围方面的局限性，研究新兴的激光激励方式、激励特性及其参数的影响，探究模拟火工冲击试验的可行性。首先参考经典的冲击试验方法，制定了激光激励试验的试验方案，设计了试验装置并进行了冲击试验；然后针对火工冲击和激光激励的试验结果，在时域、频域进行了时频分析和响应谱分析与对比；最后依据该试验方法，讨论了激光脉冲频率和激光脉冲能量对冲击响应的影响。研究提出的激光激励方法对火工冲击机理研究与地面模拟试验设计具有一定的参考价值。     

高校学生党建工作面临的问题及对策

学生党建工作是高校党建工作的重要组成部分,搞好学生党建工作,不仅能推动高校各项工作的顺利开展,更能推动我党育人目标伟大工程的顺利实施。通过分析高校学生党建工作现状,指出当前在高校学生党建工作存在的问题,探讨解决问题的方法,以期更好地推进高校学生党建工作健康发展。     

DOPO衍生物阻燃性能研究

DOPO及其衍生物具有高效阻燃、低烟、低毒排放的特点,可以作为环氧树脂的阻燃剂使用.本文研究了两种含DOPO结构的硅氧烷对环氧树脂阻燃性能的影响.结果表明,引入含磷硅氧烷后环氧树脂的热稳定性和阻燃性能都有明显的提高.在磷含量达到2%时,环氧树脂的LOI为32-33,可达到UL94 V-0级阻燃标准.引入硅烷链段可以通过磷硅协同效应进一步改善环氧树脂的阻燃性能.     

以风轮气动性能为目标的风力机翼型优化设计

提出了一种优化风力机翼型气动特性的设计方法。在现有风力机翼型的基础上,通过改变其最大厚度位置至后缘部分的外形进行优化计算。采用N-S方程计算翼型的流场及气动特性,以提高风力机切向力同时减小其法向力为目的,用二维线性插值的方法进行多目标优化。以DU 93W 210翼型为例,针对风力机翼型气动性能本身的矛盾性,根据实际需求提出几种方案加以优化。结果表明,在不同的性能需求下,本文所提出的设计方法能取得较好的效果。     

一种新的最优地形跟踪随轨迹算法

考虑地形因素和故方威胁的潜在影响，研究了在安全保障前提下，飞行时间－地形庶蔽程度综合最优的地形跟随飞行轨迹问题，提出一种新的最优地形跟随飞行轨迹的算法。首先定义了最小危险曲面，通过坐标变换将飞行器的运动方程变换到该曲面上；再运用极小值原理，求出满足飞行时间－地形遮蔽最优的轨迹的微分方程组；最后用一维搜索算法，通过寻求微分方程的初值解出了最优轨迹。仿真结果表明该算法所产生的三维轨迹光滑连续。不仅能紧     

固定管板式换热器的危险工况分析和管、壳应力在设计中的作用

本文在前文的基础上,阐明危险工况(或称可能出现的危险工况)和真正危险工况之间的区别和联系,仅由操作条件只能列出危险工况而无法得出真正的危险工况,真正的危险工况不仅和操作条件有关,而且和换热器的结构条件和各部件相对尺寸有关。 根据换热器的具体结构条件、各元件相对尺寸和危险工况,管板、管子或壳体应力的最大值都有可能首先超过各自的强(刚)度校核条件。所以,在设计时不论管板、管子或壳体都应由各个危险工况求出其可能出现的最大应力值并校核满足,不能以并非最大的应力值进行校核,更不能因管子或壳体应力(特别是带有膨胀节时)绝对值较低而认为其强度不会成为问题,甚至不予计算。