Operations of a spaceflight experiment to investigate plant tropisms

Plants will be an important component in bioregenerative systems for long-term missions to the Moon and Mars. Since gravity is reduced both on the Moon and Mars, studies that identify the basic mechanisms of plant growth and development in altered gravity are required to ensure successful plant production on these space colonization missions. To address these issues, we have developed a project on the International Space Station (ISS) to study the interaction between gravitropism and phototropism in Arabidopsis thaliana. These experiments were termed TROPI (for tropisms) and were performed on the European Modular Cultivation System (EMCS) in 2006. In this paper, we provide an operational summary of TROPI and preliminary results on studies of tropistic curvature of seedlings grown in space. Seed germination in TROPI was lower compared to previous space experiments, and this was likely due to extended storage in hardware for up to 8 months. Video downlinks provided an important quality check on the automated experimental time line that also was monitored with telemetry. Good quality images of seedlings were obtained, but the use of analog video tapes resulted in delays in image processing and analysis procedures. Seedlings that germinated exhibited robust phototropic curvature. Frozen plant samples were returned on three space shuttle missions, and improvements in cold stowage and handing procedures in the second and third missions resulted in quality RNA extracted from the seedlings that was used in subsequent microarray analyses. While the TROPI experiment had technical and logistical difficulties, most of the procedures worked well due to refinement during the project.     

Protein expression profile changes in human fibroblasts induced by low dose energetic protons

Extrapolation of known radiation risks to the risks from low dose and low dose-rate exposures of human population, especially prolonged exposures of astronauts in the space radiation environment, relies in part on the mechanistic understanding of radiation induced biological consequences at the molecular level. While some genomic data at the mRNA level are available for cells or animals exposed to radiation, the data at the protein level are still lacking. Here, we studied protein expression profile changes using Panorama antibody microarray chips that contain antibodies to 224 proteins (or their phosphorylated forms) involved in cell signaling that included mostly apoptosis, cytoskeleton, cell cycle and signal transduction. Normal human fibroblasts were cultured until fully confluent and then exposed to 2 cGy of 150 MeV protons at high-dose rate. The proteins were isolated at 2 or 6 h after exposure and labeled with Cy3 for the irradiated cells and with Cy5 for the control samples before loading onto the protein microarray chips. The intensities of the protein spots were analyzed using ScanAlyze software and normalized by the summed fluorescence intensities and the housekeeping proteins. The results showed that low dose protons altered the expression of more than 10% of the proteins listed in the microarray analysis in various protein functional groups. Cell cycle (24%) related proteins were induced by protons and most of them were regulators of G1/S-transition phase. Comparison of the overall protein expression profiles, cell cycle related proteins, cytoskeleton and signal transduction protein groups showed significantly more changes induced by protons compared with other protein functional groups.     

旋转加速度计式重力梯度仪动态测量适应性能试验与效果分析

基于旋转加速度计测量原理的重力梯度动态测量技术,仪器自身动态适应性能是该研究工作的重要内容。首先,从重力梯度动态测量误差机理出发,梳理出实现动态测量的关键技术;其次,以国内航空遥感作业常用的Y-12固定翼飞机为例,分析了典型测量作业工况;最后,开展了基于载体动态参数的地面模拟试验,初步达到了论证的技术要求,为开展真实动态条件下的重力梯度测量奠定基础。     

弹道目标实时跟踪中的滤波方法综述

指出目标运动先验信息、系统结构信息和设备测量信息的融合应用是提高滤波器跟踪性能的核心。进而综述了弹道目标融合滤波中的运动模型构造、滤波算法设计以及测量误差处理等环节中的关键技术和研究现状。并针对传统实时处理结构弊端,分析了实时跟踪系统的设计方法,讨论了如何建立高效的弹道跟踪数据处理流程,通过融合策略并举的方式实现系统各类信息的有效利用。一些设计方法可以为实际跟踪滤波器的开发提供参考。最后,结合空间应用的发展需求,分析了弹道目标跟踪技术的研究方向。     

空域复杂性建模

下一代空中交通管理系统致力于推进管理决策中心从地面转向空中,实现统筹分布-集中决策模式,提高交通服务能力,适应未来航运需求.为探索空域系统承载复杂交通的能力,空管业界对以动态密度为代表的空域复杂性模型进行了大量研究.运用复杂性学科研究的基本思想,以对空域状态进行客观描述为重点,反映空域以及其中交通关系的变化过程,提出了综合迫近、几率和连携因素的空域复杂性模型,最后,通过仿真实验数据和广州地区的实际运行数据验证了模型的可行性.弥补了空域状态评估领域航空器计量方法的不足.     

测试与校准实验室保密监督检查实践

根据新版保密资格标准中的保密检查要求,基于风险管理思想提出以风险分析为基础,以风险控制为核心的保密监督检查体系,形成基于主要风险的保密监督检查金字塔模型和各类保密检查的设计方法,指导测试与校准实验室保密监督检查工作的开展。     

圆波导介质片极化器的设计

本文从分析入手,介绍了一种介质片圆极化器的设计。这种圆极化器结构紧凑、无需调试,可以方便地用于卫星地面接收天线系统,可获得良好的圆极化及驻波比特性。文中系统地介绍了该极化器的设计公式及过程;给出了一些计算曲线及数据表,可供设计者查用。     

The Role of Wave–Particle Interactions in the Dynamics of Plasma in the Polar Cusp

This paper presents a review of observations of low-frequency plasma waves together with plasma particles performed by Interball 1 and its subsatellite Magion 4 and by the Freja satellite in different cusp regions. The detailed study of the wave spectra together with the electron distribution functions indicates the correlation between the presence of lower-hybrid waves and of particles with energies higher than in the surrounding space. These experimental facts suggest that strong coupling between waves and particles is responsible for plasma heating. The Freja data with a high time resolution allow identification of the process of energy transport via a cascade from low frequency waves to high frequency waves accompanied by electron energization.     

RBCC组合发动机的方案分析和工作模态

介绍了高超声速推进装置的三种工作模态,总结了高超声速推进装置的优缺点,给出了研究重点.     

钢筋混凝土偏压构件截面非线性分析高斯积分

以平截面假设为基础,利用截面内力平衡关系,推导出钢筋混凝土双向偏压构件截面割线刚度、切线刚度矩阵计算的简便公式.并将混凝土积分面积划分成若干个三角单元,用高斯面积数值积分计算三角单元刚度矩阵的各项系数,再叠加所有三角单元刚度矩阵的各项系数,来求得混凝土的割线刚度、切线刚度系数.用文中方法对钢筋混凝土压弯构件进行了截面非线性全过程分析,分析结果与其它文献及实验数据比较,符合较好.