Discrete-time state estimation of analog double integrators

The problem of minimum variance discrete-time state estimation of a continuous-time double integrator via noisy continuous-time measurements is considered. The error covariance matrices of this estimation are calculated and analyzed. The relations between these covariance matrices and the error covariance matrix of the optimal continuous-time filter are obtained, and a way for determining the required sampling period is proposed. A commonly used approximated model is investigated; it is shown to be inappropriate unless a specific improvement is introduced in the model     

On kinematics of gas clouds in the broad-line region of active galactic nuclei and quasars

The kinematics of gas clouds in broad-line region of active galactic nuclei and quasars is considered. The motion of the clouds is governed by three forces — gravitational influence from the central supermassive body, radiational pressure from the continuum radiation, and resistance of the intercloud medium. Clouds moves radial but only outward motion gives a velocity field, which is in accordance with the observational data. The profiles of the permited lines are obtained in some simplify assumptions for the emissive capacity of the gas in clouds, and are in good agreement with the observational data. In the framework of the model under consideration there is a possibility to estimate some physical parameters of the nuclei such as mass of the central body and density of the intercloud medium.     

Transient processes and stability in an LC chopper

The analysis of the transient and steady-state processes in LC choppers is presented. The method, used previously for the analysis of processes in grid-connected and self-commutated converters, is adjusted for analysis of LC chopper's processes. The difference equations describing these processes, are obtained and solved. The analytical solution of the problem and the conditions of the transient, steady-state, and stability existence in the chopper are found. Theoretical and experimental results are compared and satisfactory agreement is obtained     

K—ε两方程模型的改进及其应用

本文对标准的k-ε两方程模型进行了改进。摒弃了v_t=C_μ(k~2/ε)的假定,而从雷诺应力方程和Rodi的简化假设出发,得出了计算v_t的新表达式(10)。算例表明,它对时均速度u的计算结果比标准k-ε模型更精确。     

液压余度舵机同步传动研究

几个舵机驱动同一控制对象,通道间产生力的纷争,本文采用均衡网络来减轻力的纷争,而均衡网络的参数则根据解耦控制理论导出。实际系统的实验证明本文所提出的消除余度通道间力纷争保证同步传动的方案是有效的。文章给出了最优均衡网络的参数设计公式。     

Conopulse Radar Angle Tracking Accuracy

An analysis is given of the tracking accuracy of a conopulse radar that angle-tracks on target echo pulses. The analysis includes effects of noises in both sum and difference channels, the effect of the tracking range gate's duration, and applies to any shape of radio frequency (RF) pulse envelope. For large single-pulse signalto-noise ratio and any shape of RF pulse envelope, accuracy approaches the theoretical accuracy of a conopulse system when a short-duration range gate is used. The inportant case of rectangular RF pulses is solved in detail.     

Vegetation and the atmospheric cycling of mercury

Beyond their role in the cycling of the major elements, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, etc., little is known about geobiological interactions involving plants with the elements of lower abundance. Plants influence the distribution of volcanic mercury by uptake from the atmosphere and soil fluids, transport to the shoot and re-release as Hg° into the atmosphere. Release rates as high as 2.5 × 10^?4 g.h^?1 per kg are known but even at more typical rates, fluxes far greater than the Environmental Protection Agency calculated U.S. average annual degassing rate of 130 × 10^?6 g.m^?2 should exist. On a global basis, the presence or absence of vegetative cover may be a significant regulator of Hg° transport between land surfaces and the atmosphere.     

热力学中最小熵增原理在流体力学中的应用

本文运用非平衡态热力学中最小熵增原理,分析了层流和湍流流动在接近热力学平衡定态时的特性。特别是在湍流流动中,舍弃了以往一些经验性的假设,指出流动处于局部机械平衡时可由最小熵增原理导出速度和温度分布。反之亦揭示了充分发展的湍流遵循最小熵增原理的这一机理。