双功能陶瓷膜生物反应器处理污水的实验研究

针对目前膜生物反应器运行过程中膜易污染的问题，研制了一种新型的双功能陶瓷膜生物反应器．该生物反应器的主要特点是采用一种具有双重功能的陶瓷膜作为生物反应器的主要元件，陶瓷膜可以交替地进行曝气和过滤，将膜的在线反冲清洗和生物反应器的供氧曝气结合在一起．考察了不同运行条件下该反应器对COD、氨氮的去除效果．对陶瓷膜的充氧能力进行了实验，测得小孔陶瓷膜、大孔陶瓷膜、砂型曝气头的氧传递系数分别为：0．2315min-1，0．1587min-1，0．0991min-1．     

Survival and death of the haloarchaeon Natronorubrum strain HG-1 in a simulated martian environment

Halophilic archaea are of interest to astrobiology due to their survival capabilities in desiccated and high salt environments. The detection of remnants of salty pools on Mars stimulated investigations into the response of haloarchaea to martian conditions. Natronorubrum sp. strain HG-1 is an extremely halophilic archaeon with unusual metabolic pathways, growing on acetate and stimulated by tetrathionate. We exposed Natronorubrum strain HG-1 to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, similar to levels currently prevalent on Mars. In addition, the effects of low temperature (4, −20, and −80 °C), desiccation, and exposure to a Mars soil analogue from the Atacama desert on the viability of Natronorubrum strain HG-1 cultures were investigated. The results show that Natronorubrum strain HG-1 cannot survive for more than several hours when exposed to UV radiation equivalent to that at the martian equator. Even when protected from UV radiation, viability is impaired by a combination of desiccation and low temperature. Desiccating Natronorubrum strain HG-1 cells when mixed with a Mars soil analogue impaired growth of the culture to below the detection limit. Overall, we conclude that Natronorubrum strain HG-1 cannot survive the environment currently present on Mars. Since other halophilic microorganisms were reported to survive simulated martian conditions, our results imply that survival capabilities are not necessarily shared between phylogenetically related species.     

GRACE gravity field modeling with an investigation on correlation between nuisance parameters and gravity field coefficients

The GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) monthly gravity models have been independently produced and published by several research institutions, such as Center for Space Research (CSR), GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and Delft Institute of Earth Observation and Space Systems (DEOS). According to their processing standards, above institutions use the traditional variational approach except that the DEOS exploits the acceleration approach. The background force models employed are rather similar. The produced gravity field models generally agree with one another in the spatial pattern. However, there are some discrepancies in the gravity signal amplitude between solutions produced by different institutions. In particular, 10%–30% signal amplitude differences in some river basins can be observed. In this paper, we implemented a variant of the traditional variational approach and computed two sets of monthly gravity field solutions using the data from January 2005 to December 2006. The input data are K-band range-rates (KBRR) and kinematic orbits of GRACE satellites. The main difference in the production of our two types of models is how to deal with nuisance parameters. This type of parameters is necessary to absorb low-frequency errors in the data, which are mainly the aliasing and instrument errors. One way is to remove the nuisance parameters before estimating the geopotential coefficients, called NPARB approach in the paper. The other way is to estimate the nuisance parameters and geopotential coefficients simultaneously, called NPESS approach. These two types of solutions mainly differ in geopotential coefficients from degree 2 to 5. This can be explained by the fact that the nuisance parameters and the gravity field coefficients are highly correlated, particularly at low degrees. We compare these solutions with the official and published ones by means of spectral analysis. It is found that our solutions are, in general, consistent with others in the spatial pattern. The water storage variations of the Amazon, Chari and Ganges river basins have also been computed. The variations computed with the NPARB approach are closer to those produced by JPL and DEOS solutions, while the variations produced with the NPESS approach are in good agreement with those produced by the CSR and GFZ solutions. A simulation study is implemented with considering realistic noise and low-frequency error. The two approaches are used to recover the true model. The NPESS solution appears closer to the true one. Therefore we are inclined to estimate the nuisance parameters simultaneously with the geopential coefficients.     

基于三机冷备份的遥感器计算机系统冗余设计

文章对当前比较流行的计算机冗余模型进行了分析和比较,制定出了三机冷备份的冗余计算机结构,并对关键电路进行了设计。     

一种GPS定位信息可用性的实时判定方法

基于GPS接收机输出数据,采用3级AR模型来预测下一时刻的GPS输出值,并与实际的输出值相比较,以一定的检测门限,判断当前时刻定位信息的可用性。通过仿真证明该方法的有效性,为GPS的可用性判定提供了一种方法。     

Statistical Approach to the Evaluation of the Mean Correlation Length and the Propagation Velocity of Middle-Scale Plasma Structures in the Earth's Foreshock

Based on simultaneous measurements of ion fluxes made onboard the closely separated satellites Interball-1and Magion-4, the propagation velocity of middle-scale plasma structures in the Earth's foreshock relative to the solar wind flow is estimated. The derived value of this velocity allows these structures to be identified as a fast magnetosonic wave propagating upstream of the solar wind inflowing the Earth's bow shock. An evaluation is also made of the correlation length of these disturbances in the plane perpendicular to the Sun–Earth line. This length is approximately equal to 2R _E.     

分布式光纤测温系统及高速数据采集与处理

分布式光纤测温系统是一种用于实时测量空间温度场分布的光纤传感系统 ,在系统中 ,光纤本身既是传输媒体也是传感媒体。讨论了系统的工作原理、设计思想、系统构成、高速数据采集以及瞬态采样平均技术 ,该系统已应用于石油测井。     

充液挠性多体航天器的变结构控制

本文首先给出了充液中心刚体上铰接有多个挠性附件的开链多体系统的简化动力学方程，并以跟踪与数据中继卫星为例，用变结构控制方法设计了系统的控制器。控制任务是驱动单址天线使之精确地跟踪期望的运动规律，同时保持星体稳定，并且有效地抑制弹性附件的振动。数值算例证明了所设计控制规律的有效性。     

多飞行器测控技术的研究

提出了一种基于DBF和DMF-CDMA技术的多飞行器测控系统。首先描述了系统的工作原理，然后对DBF给出了全面和详细的计算机仿真，包括圆面阵DBF阵因子方向图仿真和DBF对多飞行器的搜索与跟踪仿真。最后对DMF-CDMA给出了实验结果。实验的硬软件巳达到实用水平。这些说明本文提出的多飞行器测控方案是可行的。     

基于VRML的航天模拟训练系统

使用虚拟现实建模语言（VRML）建立一个航天地面设备仿真实验和导弹弹体虚拟装配的模拟训练系统，操作者可使用浏览器通过网络进行交互式的虚拟实验和弹体装配，实现航天工程中部分高成本，高代价的实物操作训练功能，该系统具有较好的真实效果，显示了虚拟现实技术在航天工程中的广阔应用前景。