Ada动态测试中遗传算法的参数编码方法

介绍了将遗传算法应用在Ada程序结构测试中,被测单元参数按照遗传算法的运算规则进行编码的原则与方法.首先,介绍了包括枚举类型和变长数组的基本数据类型的参数编码方法.由于Ada语言允许使用动态数据结构类型的参数,如何在一个较高自动化的动态测试工具中实现对动态数据结构的自动测试,成为首要关注的问题.因此文中着重介绍了Ada程序的动态数据结构在遗传算法中的编码方法.     

用最佳旋转轴方法形成误差信号的飞行器姿态控制系统

本文重点讨论采用所谓最佳旋转轴方法来形成飞行器纵轴指向控制的误差信号,对于绕飞行器纵轴本身转动的控制主要讨论了滚动稳定和倾斜稳定两种情况下误差信号的形成。详细推导了它们的计算公式。作为这个方法应用的例子,我们还讨论了如果飞行器上安装一个三轴平台或一组捷联式速率陀螺时,怎样由它们敏感的信号形成姿态控制误差信号,并给出了相应的姿态控制系统原理结构图。     

快速加热恒应力试验方法的初步研究

短时高温试验是适应现代高速飞行器的发展而建立起来的一种新型的力学性能试验方法。目前已有多种试验方案, 其中快速加热恒应力拉伸试验是在某恒定应力下, 以一定的速率加热试件, 测定合金的应变与温度的关系, 并从而求得材料在试验条件下的屈服温度(通常以引起0.2%的残余应变为准)。本文简要地评述了短时高温试验方法的现状; 介绍了为进行快速加热恒应力拉伸试验而建立的试验装置, 并提供了国产Д16AT及B95AT合金的初步试验数据;最后还对所得数据进行处理和分析。     

大气层内模型预测静态规划拦截中制导

在临近空间机动目标拦截中,拦截器的初始动力段对中制导段乃至末端拦截性能具有重要影响。在模型预测静态规划（MPSP）理论基础上提出了一种初、中制导联合规划制导方法,旨在解决多阶段、快速、最优拦截轨迹规划和制导问题。首先,提出了一种改进的模型预测静态规划方法,该方法不仅可以满足终端约束,还可以生成最优初始状态,并在性能指标中考虑状态变量相关函数。其次,基于等效阻力模型建立了包含动力段与非动力段的两段规划模型,通过采用分段离散以及构建关机点变分关系的方法,避免了内点约束的引入,使MPSP算法可直接求解该两段规划问题。最后,结合提出的MPSP算法以及两段规划模型,实现了终端速度最优的拦截轨迹规划,结合目标预测方法,实现了对机动目标的预测拦截。仿真结果表明,本文方法可提高制导精度和终端速度,且能更好满足对机动目标的拦截需求。     

控制力矩陀螺磁悬浮转子的指数趋近积分滑模控制研究

针对微重力、动框架等多源扰动下磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺磁轴承转子系统的强非线性、参数摄动及未建模动态等问题,开展控制力矩陀螺的磁轴承转子鲁棒控制研究。建立了磁轴承转子轴向通道动力学模型与电磁力工作点线性化模型,分析了系统参数摄动及未建模动态,并在此基础上提出了一种非线性系统指数趋近积分滑模控制方法,设计了含有电流及位移的积分滑模平面,采用指数趋近律与饱和函数抑制抖振实现到达阶段滑模控制律。实验结果表明：采用该方法可有效抑制滑模的抖振现象,参数摄动时系统具有较佳动态性能,同时在转子转动、框架工作时保证系统良好鲁棒性。     

火星探测器降落伞拉直过程中的“绳帆”现象研究

针对火星探测器降落伞在拉直过程中出现的“绳帆”现象,以及火星探测器降落伞开伞前初始参数和大气密度与地球环境下的差异,建立了火星探测器降落伞拉直过程的数学模型,研究了火星环境下,伞包弹射速度、开伞前进入器的攻角、开伞马赫数以及大气密度对“绳帆”现象的影响。研究结果表明,选择较大的伞包弹射速度,并将开伞前进入器的攻角严格限定在较小范围内,将有利于避免或降低“绳帆”现象的发生。这一研究结果可为我国实施火星探测时减速着陆系统的设计分析提供一定参考。     

航天器自主交会对接的高精度目标定位方法

根据航天器自主式交会对接的实际应用背景和技术需求,针对交会对接过程中所要求的高精度、实时性和强抗扰的技术指标,在合作目标特性分析的基础上,将高斯曲面拟合与双线性插值相结合,提出了一种高精度的合作目标定位方法。首先根据目标图像的灰度分布进行双线性插值和高斯曲面拟合,在此过程中可同时利用目标原有像素和插值点的亚像素信息,使拟合曲面各幅值点的坐标精度达到亚像素级,以确定目标的中心位置。仿真图像和实拍图像的试验结果表明,此定位方法具有亚像素级的定位精度,其总体定位误差可达到1/20个像素左右,并能满足实时性要求,可以在航天器交会对接与空间遥操作等方面的应用中发挥重要作用。     

星敏感器光谱探测能力用地面模拟测试系统设计

为实现对星敏感器光谱探测能力的测试和标定, 研制了一套可模拟恒星光谱的地面标定系统, 要求其光谱模拟精度优于10%. 采用光谱分布可控、光强可调的模拟照明系统作为地面标定系统的核心器件来模拟恒星光谱变化, 设计高成像质量准直光学系统使模拟星图成平行光出射, 在光学系统出瞳处产生星图, 完成具有恒星光谱信息的高精度星图模拟. 进而利用Lighttools建立标定系统的光谱仿真模型, 仿真结果表明恒星光谱模拟精度优于10%.      

Fractional order tension control for stable and fast tethered satellite retrieval

The retrieval of a tethered satellite system is intrinsically unstable. This paper develops a new control strategy to retrieve the tethered satellite system stably and quickly using the fractional order control theory. The governing equation of the tethered satellite system and classic linear feedback tension control law were first reviewed and examined as a benchmark. Then, a new fractional order tension control law has been to avoid the tethered satellite winds around the main satellite near the end of retrieval by existing integer order tension control laws. The newly proposed control law has been discretized and implemented by the Laplace transform and Tustin operator. Unlike the existing integer order control laws, which are based on the feedback of current state and memoryless, the fractional order control law has the memory of previous states and thus controls the tether retrieval more smoothly while maintaining the retrieving speed. The effectiveness and advantage of the new fractional order tension control law is demonstrated numerically by comparing with its integer order counterpart. The results show that the new control law not only retrieves the subsatellite without winding around the main satellite, but also provides a better control performance with smaller in-plane libration angles.     

Satellite-observed biological variability in the equatorial Pacific during the 2009–2011 ENSO cycle

The event of 2009–2011 El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) provides an opportunity to gain insight into the biological variability of the equatorial Pacific Ocean for an entire ENSO cycle with satellite and in situ observations. Even though El Niño and La Niña in general led to respectively weakened and enhanced chlorophyll-a concentration and net primary production (NPP) along the equatorial Pacific Ocean during the 2009–2011 ENSO cycle, biological responses were highly disparate along the equator and attributed to different driving mechanisms. In the eastern equatorial Pacific east of 150°E, the El Niño-La Niña biological change was in general small except for the transition period even though sea surface temperature (SST) showed over ∼5 °C drop from El Niño to La Niña. In the central-eastern (170°W–140°W) equatorial Pacific, moderate change of biological activity is attributed to the changes of thermocline driven by the eastward propagating equatorial Kelvin waves and changes of zonal currents and undercurrents. Highest biological response in this ENSO cycle was located in the central (170°E–170°W) and central-western (150°E–170°E) equatorial Pacific with quadruple chlorophyll-a concentration and over ∼400 mg C m⁻² d⁻¹ increase of NPP from El Niño in 2009 to La Niña in 2010. However, spatial pattern of ENSO biological variability as represented with NPP is not exactly the same as chlorophyll-a variability. Wind-driving mixing of nutrients and eastward advection of the oligotrophic warm pool waters are attributed to this significant biological variability in this region.