环月轨道一体式星敏感器热设计及仿真验证

文章提出了一种适用于环月轨道条件下的一体式星敏感器的复合热设计方案。一体式星敏感器自身热耗集中,在环月轨道条件下受太阳辐射和月球红外辐射共同影响,散热条件恶劣。利用热管、热控涂层、多层和电加热器等热控措施相结合的方法,解决了环月轨道条件下的一体式星敏感器的散热问题。通过仿真分析,星敏感器最高温度36.7℃,满足单机温度要求。     

航空发动机试验舱进气整流系统设计及数值验证

航空发动机试验舱的气动特性影响发动机性能评估准确性。为提高某型航空发动机试验舱的流场均匀性,文章针对试验舱前舱的扩压段和稳压段,设计了4套不同的整流系统组合方案,包括折流板、锥形多孔板、平面多孔板、蜂窝器和阻尼网等元素。应用计算流体动力学（CFD）方法对各个方案的前舱、来流管道及来流阀门的流场进行计算。结果表明,来流管道中的阀门对来流流场造成了一定影响,导致进入前舱的气流不均匀;折流板和锥形多孔板减小了气流的掺混作用,对不均匀来流试验舱的整流效果有限;而多层平面多孔板在不均匀来流试验舱的整流方面表现更为优异。以上研究结果可为试验舱整流系统的设计提供参考。     

机翼热气防冰系统设计

利用热流体系统仿真分析平台Flowmaster和计算流体力学软件Fluent进行联合仿真,对机翼热气防冰系统进行了设计和性能分析.设计参数包括防冰系统笛形管热气喷口孔径、孔数及孔间距等参数.基于Flowmaster对所设计的供气管路进行供气流量分配计算.基于Fluent模拟防冰腔内流动与换热,计算了防冰腔的热效率.根据防冰热载荷及热效率结果预测每段缝翼防冰所需热气流量,引入参数供气余度来分析防冰系统热性能.所提出的热气防冰系统设计方法可为热气防冰系统的工程设计与优化提供重要的帮助.     

The RadioAstron project: Measurements and analysis of basic parameters of space telescope in flight in 2011–2013

The results of a large number of the antenna radiometric measurements at bands of 92, 18, 6.2, 1.35, and 1.7-1.2 cm are presented by the data of the standard telemetry system of the Spektr-R spacecraft. Both special sessions of calibration object observations in the mode of a single space radio telescope (SRT) operation and numerous observations of researched sources in the mode of the ground-space interferometer were used. The obtained results agree with the first results of Kardashev et al. (2013), i.e., within 10–15% at bands of 92, 18, and 6.2 cm and 20–25% at the band of 1.35 cm. In the main, the measurements for the eight subbands at wavelengths of 1.7-1.2 cm indicate a monotonic increase in the spectral system equivalent flux density (SEFD) of noise radiation with a frequency consistent with the calculated estimates for the discussed model. The sensitivity of the ground-space interferometer for the five subbands at wavelengths from 1.35 to 1.7 cm can be higher by a factor of 1.5, and for the three subbands from 1.35 to 1.2 cm lower by a factor of 1.5 than at the band of 1.35 cm. The SRT contribution to the interferometer sensitivity proportional to the square root of SEFD is close to the design one at the bands of 92 and 18 cm and decreases the design sensitivity approximately by a factor of 1.5 and 2 at the bands of 6.2 and 1.35 cm, respectively. These differences of implemented values from the design ones were not significantly affected the scientific program implementation.     

Empirical model of the high-latitude boundary of the Earth’s outer radiation belt at altitudes of up to 1000 km

An empirical model of the high-latitude boundary of the outer Earth’s radiation belt (ERB) has been presented, which is based on the measurement data of electron fluxes on the polar low-orbit CORONAS-Photon, Meteor-M1, and Meteor-M2 satellites. The boundary was determined by a sharp decrease to the background level of the flux of trapped electrons with energies of 100 or 200 keV in the polar part of the profile of the outer radiation belt. A numerical algorithm has been implemented to determine the time moment, when the fastest flux changes are recorded. The primary search was carried out, first, on 30 s averaged data, then repeated on data with a higher resolution. A functional dependence was obtained in order to approximate the obtained set of intersections of the boundary by elliptical curve. The empirical model constructed using the CORONAS-Photon measurement data in the epoch of anomalously low geomagnetic activity reflects the longitude structure of the high-latitude boundary of the outer radiation belt associated with the internal Earth’s magnetic field (MF), as well as its dependence on the universal time. Based on the data of intersections of the high-latitude boundary of the outer ERB (OERB) in the epoch of 2014–2016, the latitudinal shift of the boundary to the equator dependent on geomagnetic activity has been determined, as well as the nightside shift of the boundary due to the diurnal rotation of the Earth.     

Some regularities in the relationship of limb coronal mass ejections with eruptive prominences and post-eruptive arcades

A positive correlation is shown to exist between the angular sizes (in the sky plane) of eruptive prominences and/or post-eruptive arcades and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) associated with them. New regularities are found that characterize the relationship between the latitude of eruptive prominences (post-eruptive arcades) and the latitude position of CMEs associated with them in the field of view of a coronagraph. An interpretation of these regularities is given.     

小型试验固体火箭发动机研究

从理论上分析了影响固体火箭发动机性能散布的主要因素,设计了相应配套的小型试验固体火箭发动机,用于提高燃速测试精度,并应用于大型发动机的研制和批产。理论分析和测试结果表明,燃速的测试精度以及复合固体推进剂自身的燃速散布是影响固体火箭发动机性能的最主要因素,把握了复合固体推进剂燃速,可减小性能散布,确保大型固体火箭发动机批次研制和生产性能的稳定性和准确性。     

中国航天器的发射总个数进入三位数

1 引言 2007年4月中旬,中国航天在太空奏响了两曲凯歌.是月11日、14日,中国的第二颗海洋探测卫星--海洋1号B星和中国北斗卫星导航系统建设计划中的第一颗导航卫星--北斗M1号卫星(将运行于距地面21500km高度的圆轨道)相继发射成功.     

超声速降落伞工程应用的关键技术研究进展

降落伞传统上在较低的亚声速范围内使用,但随着工程研制的发展,陆续提出了超声速条件下开伞和应用的需求,目前最为引入注目的应用场景为飞行器火星降落伞着陆和运载火箭子级落区控制。但作为一项前沿技术,有别于目前已较为成熟的在亚声速范围的应用,超声速降落伞面临更为恶劣的应用环境和复杂的技术问题,对分析和应用提出了更高的要求。为此近几十年国内外均开展了相关研究工作,推动技术不断进步并取得了长足进展。对超声速降落伞的种类、特殊性和面临的关键技术问题进行了梳理,对当前关键问题的困难、研究进展和飞行试验情况进行了综述。在总结进展基础上提出了该项技术工程应用的对策。     

着陆姿态对地外天体表层采样的影响研究

表层采样技术是获得地外天体特性的重要手段,是完成地外天体采样任务的一项关键技术。文章结合4自由度表层采样装置的特点,建立了表层采样装置的逆运动学模型,分析了极限着陆姿态下表层采样装置安装位置在当地参考坐标系中的变化,并针对一次封装与二次封装过程中表层采样装置的位置和姿态要求,明确了末端采样器姿态补偿方法,提出了着陆姿态对表层采样影响的分析算法。仿真结果表明,该算法能有效分析着陆姿态对表层采样的影响,可为表层采样装置适应性设计提供支持。