Electric Polarization of Low-Orbit Spacecraft

The main problems concerning the electric polarization of low-orbit spacecraft are considered, including the results of studying the structure of the Earth's upper ionosphere, the methods of calculating the electrophysical characteristics of construction materials for spacecraft, and the elaboration of recommendations to mitigate the negative effects due to processes of charging and discharging.     

Ionization and recombination processes determining plasma density at the initial stage of artificial cloud injection

The initial reduction of the electron density after the injection explosion is shown to be associated with recombination at the adiabatic cooling under the cloud expansion. Primordial thermal ions can disappear in triple collisions almost entirely. Nevertheless, a minor amount of ions is conserved due to the freezing effect. The further rapid increase in the electron concentration may be attributed to the secondary ionization process. It is shown that the cumulative electronic ionization can account for the observed electron density elevation. The modified two-stream instability can provide a longitudinal (anomalous) resistance for the longitudinal electric field required for an avalanche. The electric field and longitudinal currents arise owing to the polarization with ions entrained by the neutral gas across the magnetic field and magnetized electrons moving along the field.     

The Earth's Magnetosphere Response to Solar Wind Events according to the INTERBALL Project Data

The results of studying the interaction of two types of the solar wind (magnetic clouds and solar wind of extremely low density) with the Earth's magnetosphere are discussed. This study is based of the INTERBALL space project measurements and on the other ground-based and space observations. For moderate variations of the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) parameters, the response of the magnetosphere is similar to its response to similar changes in the absence of magnetic clouds and depends on a previous history of IMF variations. Extremely large density variations on the interplanetary shocks, and on leading and trailing edges of the clouds result in a strong deformation of the magnetosphere, in large-scale motion of the geomagnetic tail, and in the development of magnetic substorms and storms. The important consequences of these processes are: (1) the observation of regions of the magnetosphere and its boundaries at great distances from the average location; (2) density and temperature variations in the outer regions of the magnetosphere; (3) multiple crossings of geomagnetic tail boundaries by a satellite; and (4) bursty fluxes of electrons and ions in the magnetotail, auroral region, and the polar cap. Several polar activations and substorms can develop during a single magnetic cloud arrival; a greater number of these events are accompanied, as a rule, by the development of a stronger magnetic storm. A gradual, but very strong, decrease of the solar wind density on May 10–12, 1999, did not cause noticeable change of geomagnetic indices, though it resulted in considerable expansion of the magnetosphere.     

一种求解武器--目标分配问题的新方法

提出了一种求解武器-目标分配问题的新方法.阐明了将武器-目标分配问题作为组合优化问题,采用遗传算法进行求解,并针对问题特点,给出了基于系统信息的启发式操作方法及适合的操作算子.仿真结果表明,此方法可以明显提高问题求解的速度及精度.     

快速成型技术（RP技术）对产品开发的影响

快速成型技术是目前工业领域内一门崭新的技术，为产品开发过程开辟了一个截然不同的新思路。本文首先介绍RP技术的发展及常用的几种RP处理系统；通过RP技术生成的试件原型在开发过程中的作用，说明RP技术对产品开发的影响；文章最后提出RP技术应用的前提条件。     

“自由伊拉克作战”检讨报告——轮式车与无人载具

虽然“自由伊拉克作战”（Operation Iraqi Freedom）已经告一段落，但是美军在伊拉克所面对的问题却是有增无减，其中又以伊拉克反美武装所实施的攻击为甚，虽然美军、联军和伊拉克过渡政府的保安部队坐拥15万兵力，但是却无法避免伊拉克反美武装对美军接二连三攻击所造成的有生力量伤亡，截至2005年2月18日为止，美军总计有1462名官士兵阵亡（含军方雇员），10968人负伤，换言之，美军在2003年5月15日结束“自由伊拉克作战”之后，在作战行动中阵亡的官兵仅仅只有109名，但是在战后因为伊拉克伊拉克反美武装攻击而阵亡的官士兵却已经堂堂突破1000大关，足足是作战阵亡人数的10倍，更不用提上万名的负伤者。[编者按]     

CPMIS系统与i-MAN系统集成

简要介绍了i-MAN系统和CPMIS系统的各自功能和作用;论述两大系统的数据集成的内容,以及系统集成的框架和采用的模式。     

田捷砚凌空飞撷西部大地之美

应该感谢摄影家田捷砚数年数以百次不知倦怠的艰辛西部航拍之旅，以及他在某种高度上忘我创作的数以万张的精彩图片，让我们心驰神往的境界变成可观可感的实际图像。[编按]     

双向进气结构脉管制冷机直流形成机理

在脉管制冷机中,由双向进气结构诱发的直流流动,不仅会增加冷端换热器的负载,降低制冷机性能,而且还是引起制冷温度不稳定的重要原因。如何有效地抑制直流流动已成为脉管制冷机能否大规模应用的关键。而对直流形成机理进行全面、深入的研究是发展简单、有效直流抑制手段的前提。针对该研究热点,本文开展了双向进气结构脉管制冷机直流形成机理研究,基于流体网络理论,考察工质物性对直流的影响和作用机理,进一步揭示了直流的形成本质。     

测微目镜-TV测读系统在测量金属线胀系数中的应用

鉴于光杠杆法测量金属线膨胀系数的缺点,依据金属线膨胀系数测量原理,采用测微目镜-TV测读系统测量金属线膨胀系数,并做了可行性分析,在此基础上,设计出了一整套完整的测量金属线膨胀系数的方法,进行了大量的实验,取得了较多的实验数据,并进行了数据分析,最后认为运用测微目镜-TV测读系统测量金属线胀系数,提高了被测物体微小位移的可视度,大大降低了系统误差.