Powered-descent trajectory optimization scheme for Mars landing

This paper presents a trajectory optimization scheme for powered-descent phase of Mars landing with considerations of disturbance. Firstly, θ–D$\theta ''–''D$ method is applied to design a suboptimal control law with descent model in the absence of disturbance. Secondly, disturbance is estimated by disturbance observer, and the disturbance estimation is as feedforward compensation. Then, semi-global stability analysis of the composite controller consisting of the nonlinear suboptimal controller and the disturbance feedforward compensation is proposed. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of proposed control scheme, an application including relevant simulations on a Mars landing mission is demonstrated.     

北极黄河站极光亚暴期间低热层大气中性风研究

极光亚暴是地球空间基本的能量输入、耦合及耗散过程,其对低热层大气中性风的影响不容忽视,对这一问题进行深入研究具有重要意义.2010年11月,中国北极黄河站(78.92°N,11.93°E)安装了一台自主研制的全天空法布里-珀罗干涉仪(FPI)并开始进行正常观测,为中国首次获得了极光亚暴期间的FPI观测数据.根据2012年越冬期间的观测情况,对2012年11月12-14日及12月09-11日两个极光亚暴事件期间的数据进行处理,计算得到了5级干涉环对应的风场.亚暴期间风场变化与地磁活动变化的对比分析表明,风速的剧烈变化可能是由地磁活动剧烈扰动造成的.针对2012年11月13日00:00UT-02:00UT和2012年12月10日05:00UT-07:30UT的亚暴事件,将全天空相机拍摄到的极光图像与FPI干涉图像对应的视线风场进行对比分析.结果表明在极光活动中,视线风速加强的方向与极光弧的方向垂直,而在极光弧的平行方向,风速相对较小.     

一种基于TLE数据的轨道异常分析方法

空间在轨物体的轨道异常是航天工程及预警领域普遍关注的问题,及时发现轨道异常意义重大,通过分析空间物体的轨道异常,可以及时发现和识别规避事件或碰撞事件,还可以了解监测网的能力.本文提出一种基于TLE数据的简单的轨道异常分析方法——长半轴变化法.该方法快速有效,应用到低轨在用卫星和美俄解体碎片的异常分析中,异常物体正确识别率可达到100%;对美俄解体碎片进行轨道异常分析后得出,美国空间监视网可以稳定探测90%以上的解体碎片.     

空间非合作目标双行轨道根数快速生成算法

针对空间目标TLE拟合过程中可能出现的奇点问题,提出了基于无奇异变换的空间目标双行轨道根数（TLE）生成算法. 为提高观测平台对空间目标状态估计效率,提出带有自适应遗忘因子的非线性最小二乘递推算法,利用最速下降法在线修正遗忘因子,使得估计值有较快的跟踪速度和较小的稳态误差. 仿真结果表明,该TLE生成算法的数据处理速度和轨道预报误差满足要求,可用于低轨目标的天基监视.     

TLE预报精度改进及碰撞预警中的应用

双行根数（Two Line Elements,TLE）是目前唯一公开发布且编目最完备的地球轨道空间目标编目数据,由于其根数的特殊性,必须配合SGP4/SDP4 使用导致其预报精度有限. 通过对TLE+SGP4/SDP4预报误差源的分析,利用历史TLE数据生成准观测数据重新进行轨道拟合,针对不同轨道高度和面积质量比情况,确定相应拟合周期,得出了基于弹道系数先验信息有效确定面积质量比的经验方法,对多个独立时段拟合后轨道根数结合数值方法的预报误差进行统计,结果表明,拟合后的TLE根数预报精度与稳定性有很大程度提升. 利用实例对拟合TLE在碰撞预警中的应用进行分析,认为该方法对航天工程中碰撞预警置信度的提高具有重要意义.     

A comprehensive numerical model investigating the thermal-dynamic performance of scientific balloon

The increase of balloon applications makes it necessary for a comprehensive understanding of the thermal and dynamic performance of scientific balloons. This paper proposed a novel numerical model to investigate the thermal and dynamic characteristics of scientific balloon in both ascending and floating conditions. The novel model consists of a dynamic model and thermal model, the dynamic model was solved numerically by a computer program developed with Matlab/Simulink to calculate the velocity and trajectory, the thermal model was solved by the Fluent program to find out the balloon film temperature distribution and inner Helium gas velocity and temperature field. These models were verified by comparing the numerical results with experimental data. Then the thermal and dynamic behavior of a scientific balloon in a real environment were simulated and discussed in details.     

Characterization of ionospheric amplitude scintillations using wavelet entropy detrended GNSS data

The extensive monitoring networks of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) ionospheric scintillation have been established to continuously log observation data. Further, the amplitude scintillation index and the phase scintillation index, which are derived from scintillation observations, are anticipated to accommodate the accuracy requirement of both the user level and the monitoring station level. However, raw scintillation observations essentially measure superposed waveform impairments of GNSS signals propagating through ionosphere and troposphere. It implies that fluctuations of raw scintillation observations are caused by multiple factors from the entire radio propagation environment. Hence, it is crucial to characterize ionospheric scintillations from GNSS observation data. And the characterization is implemented through extracting fluctuations of raw observations merely induced by ionospheric scintillations. Designed to address this problem by means of Fourier filtering detrending, the present work investigates the influence of varying detrending cutoff frequencies on wavelet statistical energy and wavelet entropy distributions of scintillation data. It consequently derives criteria on the optimum detrending cutoff frequency for three types of raw amplitude scintillation data, which are classified by their wavelet energy distributions. Results of the present work verify that detrending with specific optimum cutoff frequencies rather than the fixed and universally applicable one renders the validity and credibility of characterizing ionospheric scintillations as the part of GNSS observation fluctuations purely induced by ionosphere electron density irregularities whose scale sizes are comparable with or smaller than the Fresnel scale.     

递推阻尼最小二乘及其在INS/双星组合中应用

由于双星系统的误差模型未知,且稳定性较差,采用Kalman滤波实现惯导(INS)/双星组合导航时,其滤波特性较差;而此时最小二乘法是实际工程应用中常用的方法,但易产生参数爆发现象.因此,提出了一种基于多输入-多输出(MI-MO)系统的递推阻尼最小二乘法,并将其应用到INS/双星组合导航系统中.仿真结果表明,利用递推阻尼最小二乘法能达到和递推最小二乘法同样的精度,且能明显抑制参数爆发现象.      

应用分力合成方法提高系统性能指标的研究

提出了将柔性结构的分力合成主动振动抑制方法和反馈控制律结合使用来提高柔性结构控制系统性能指标的方法。应用该方法仅需要知道闭环系统及柔性振动的频率及阻尼，而且可以同时抑制任意多个振动模态（包括控制器引起的振动，柔性振动及其他形式的振动），分力合成方法对频率及阻尼的不确定性具有较强的鲁棒性，使该方法易于工程实现，文章针对单柔性杆，将分力合成主动振动抑制方法和反馈控制相结合，设计了不同形式的大角度机动控制律，数值仿真和试验结果充分验证了方法的有效性。     

微结构谐振传感器

阐述了频率输出的新型谐振传感器的发展方向之一——微型化。评价性地论述了热激励硅谐振压力传感器和热激励谐振膜质量流量传感器。重点讨论了热激励的原理,特点等。指出我国应对传感器的这一发展趋势给予足够的重视。