数字全息测量超高速撞击碎片云实验研究

在中国空气动力研究与发展中心(CARDC)超高速碰撞中心(HIRC)7.6 mm超高速碰撞设备的基础上，搭建纳秒级脉冲激光数字全息系统。提出滤波片和衰减片组合布置，减弱超高速碰撞等离子体自发光、提高信噪比的方法。实验获得了2.25 mm铝球弹丸以4.0 km/s的速度撞击0.5 mm厚铝板形成碎片云的全息图。采用小波变换算法对碎片云全息图进行重建，得到超高速撞击碎片云的三维结构和碎片大小。碎片云的轮廓呈椭球型，分为碎片云的前端、核心和外壳，碎片主要分布在弹丸破碎形成的碎片云核心，存在大碎片，且分布较集中，对后板的损伤也严重     

A surface parametric control and global optimization method for axial flow compressor blades

An aerodynamic optimization method for axial flow compressor blades available for engineering is developed in this paper. Bezier surface is adopted as parameterization method to control the suction surface of the blades, which brings the following advantages:(A) significantly reducing design variables;(B) easy to ensure the mechanical strength of rotating blades;(C) better physical understanding;(D) easy to achieve smooth surface. The Improved Artificial Bee Colony(IABC) algorithm, which significantly increases the convergence speed and global optimization ability, is adopted to find the optimal result. A new engineering optimization tool is constructed by combining the surface parametric control method, the IABC algorithm, with a verified Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) simulation method, and it has been successfully applied in the aerodynamic optimization for a single-row transonic rotor(Rotor 37) and a single-stage transonic axialflow compressor(Stage 35). With the constraint that the relative change in the flow rate is less than0.5% and the total pressure ratio does not decrease, within the acceptable time in engineering, the adiabatic efficiency of Rotor 37 at design point increases by 1.02%, while its surge margin 0.84%,and the adiabatic efficiency of Stage 35 0.54%, while its surge margin 1.11% after optimization, to verify the effectiveness and potential in engineering of this new tool for optimization of axial compressor blade.     

Availability modeling for periodically inspection system with different lifetime and repair-time distribution

Availability is a main feature of design and operation of all engineering system. Recently,availability evaluation of periodical inspection systems with different structures is at the center of attention due to the wide application in engineering. In this paper, an analytical and probabilistic availability model for periodical inspection system is proposed by a new recursively algorithm,which can achieve limiting average availability and instantaneous availability of periodical inspection system under arbitrary lifetime and repair-time distributions. Then three application examples are presented, the systems lifetime and repair-time are respectively fellow exponential/exponential,Weibull/normal and Weibull/lognormal distribution. Finally, a Weibull/lognormal system is studied to analyze the dynamic relationship between inspection period and availability. The results indicate that the proposed approach can provide the technology support for improving system availability and determining reasonable inspection period.     

任务型教学法的任务设计

任务型教学法是新兴的一种强调“在做中学”(learning by doing)的语言教学方法，是我国外语课程教学改革的一个走向，吸收了以往多种教学法的优点而形成。任务是任务型教学法中一个重要概念。要使任务型教学法更好地发挥作用，任务的设计就显得尤为重要。在任务设计中，要注意任务与人本主义、任务与文化性、任务与教师角色之...     

Particle swarm optimization applied to hypersonic reentry trajectories

This paper presents the novel use of the particle swarm optimization(PSO)to generate the end-to-end trajectory for hypersonic reentry vehicles in a quite simple formulation.The velocitydependent bank angle profile is developed to reduce the search space of unknown parameters based on the constrained PSO algorithm.The path constraints are enforced by setting the fitness function to be infinite on condition that the particles violate the maximum allowable values.The PSO algorithm also provides a much easier means to satisfy the terminal conditions by adding penalty terms to the fitness function.Furthermore,the approximate reentry landing footprint is fast constructed by incorporating an interpolation model into the standardized bank angle profiles.Numerical simulations demonstrate that the PSO method is a feasible and flexible tool to generate the end-to-end trajectory and landing footprint for hypersonic reentry vehicles.     

直升机风险科目“斜坡起降”驾驶要领探讨

直升机在执行“紧急救援”和“抗震救灾”等特殊任务过程中往往不得已要进行风险科目“斜坡起降”。在这种情况下，操作上稍有不慎就会酿成重大事故，有的新机型在进行“斜坡起降”这一科目试验时甚至请国外飞行员来完成这项工作。文章就直升机“仰坡起降”、“顺坡起降”、“左横坡起降”和“右横坡起降”的操作要领作几点阐述，供飞行试验工程技术人员和飞行人员参考。     

靶场试验雷达组网信息系统设计

针对靶场试验跨区域雷达联合参试的特点,结合靶场试验信息实时处理显示需求,分析和比较了高层体系 结构(HLA)和试验训练使能体系结构(TENA)的原理和技术优势,设计了适用于靶场试验的雷达组网信息系统总 体框架,阐述了该系统的组成和功能,为提高靶场综合试验能力做出了探索。     

单液滴破碎空间尺寸分布特性的实验研究

为了研究液滴破碎后颗粒云空间尺寸分布的机理特性,通过试验方法并建立相应的均匀性指标数学模型,分析了不同We数对液滴破碎后颗粒群空间分布均匀性的影响。结果表明:(1)液滴袋状破碎后颗粒分布类似于袋形的蜂窝结构,并以类似爆破的形式向后方外围扩散分离。(2)多模式破碎后颗粒群为类似于"树"形结构的颗粒分布,前端有分布密集、粒径较小的聚集团,后方分布着大范围的颗粒群。(3)剪切破碎后颗粒群为类似"桶"形的颗粒分布,外围分布着大量颗粒,而内部分布较为复杂。(4)在We数为10~70时,颗粒群的离散率在整体上是呈现先升高后下降再升高的趋势。当We数为30和60时,两个方向上的离散率存在较大差异,而三种不同的破碎模式中,剪切破碎均匀性表现最好。     

Al/Ni含能多层膜在Al2O3陶瓷/不锈钢焊接中的应用

采用磁控溅射设备,生长AuSn合金做焊料层、Al/Ni含能多层膜做热量提供层,实现了不锈钢和Al_2O_3间的异质材料自蔓延高温扩散焊。利用SEM、XRD和DSC等测试手段表征AuSn合金和Al/Ni含能多层膜的微观形貌、相成分和放热量;用万能试验机测试焊接接头的力学性能。结果表明,AuSn合金的质量比基本达到80∶20,而多层膜的层状结构清晰,反应热达到1 239 J/g。焊接实验结果表明,仅使用AuSn焊料时,剪切强度仅为46 MPa,在增加Al/Ni含能多层膜后,其剪切强度可达90 MPa,强度提高了约一倍。焊接接头的界面显微形貌和相结构研究表明,剪切强度的增强主要是Al/Ni多层膜提供了额外能量使得界面处的反应剧烈,陶瓷金属化层与中间层的反应加剧,形成了新的反应生成物。