导弹制导与控制一体化三通道解耦设计方法

针对导弹俯冲打击地面目标的问题,基于扩张状态观测器(ESO)和反步滑模设计思想,提出一种导弹制导与控制一体化三通道解耦设计方法。充分考虑制导与控制系统之间以及控制系统三通道间的耦合关系,建立了制导与控制一体化三通道耦合模型。通过ESO对导弹运动六自由度(6DOF)系统内各通道间的动态耦合项和不确定性进行实时观测和动态补偿,实现通道间的主动解耦,从而设计了基于ESO的导弹制导与控制一体化三通道解耦控制律。同时,为了解决在使用ESO对高阶非线性系统进行状态观测时引起的"运算膨胀"问题,通过设计自适应控制律对ESO观测误差进行补偿。基于李雅普诺夫稳定性准则证明了闭环系统所有状态最终一致有界。并与制导与控制一体化三通道独立设计方法和传统的制导与控制系统设计方法进行对比仿真,结果验证了基于ESO的导弹制导与控制一体化三通道解耦设计方法的有效性和优越性。     

大型瓜瓣形铝合金件拉延成形有限元模拟分析

对大型瓜瓣形铝合金件的拉深所需拉延筋力进行了理论计算,利用商用软件ETA/DYNAFORM对其拉延过程进行了数值模拟,分析了拉延成形中不同压料面形状、压延筋尺寸及布置对零件成形质量的影响,总结了典型口部曲边零件模具设计中压料面和压延筋的设计思路。     

磁场辅助激光熔覆铝基金属玻璃覆层

为提高铝合金的表面性能,采用磁场辅助激光熔覆的方法在5083铝合金表面制备了Al-Ni-Y-Co-La五元金属玻璃熔覆层,并对其进行组织成分及性能分析。实验结果表明：熔覆层主要由非晶相、α-Al相以及Al₄NiY等金属间化合物组成,旋转磁场的搅拌作用使熔覆层非晶相含量由10.2%提高到30.7%,且能够有效抑制多道搭接和多层堆积过程中重熔区晶粒的生长,细化了熔覆层晶粒组织,降低了残余应力,提高了显微硬度及韧性,使其平均显微硬度从278 HV_0.1提高至335 HV_0.1,且波动较小,平均抗拉强度为303 MPa,为基体拉伸件的110.2%,平均伸长率为6.79%,为基体的33.1%。     

Design of an innovative multi-stage forming process for a complex aeronautical thin-walled part with very small radii

In this paper, an aeronautical thin-walled part with a complex geometry which has several sharp bends and curvatures in different directions was investigated. This kind of part is difficult to be manufactured only in one stage. Therefore, an innovative multi-stage active hydroforming process assisted by the rigid forming method was designed. In addition, an optimized blank geometry is obtained. In fact, the main focused point of this paper is to propose a new small radius rounded corner forming technique and analyze the mechanism. Two kinds of forming modes of changing a big rounded corner into a small one, which are related to different tangential positions of the die in the process of calibration, are analyzed theoretically. Meanwhile, the stress and strain states of the deformation region are compared. The relationships between the minimum relative radii of rounded corners I and II in the first stage and the hydraulic pressure are calculated by the bending theory. Finally, the influences of the tensile-bulging effect and the interface condition of the double-layer sheet on the forming quality of the specimen are investigated. The achieved results can make a foundation for utilizing the proposed method in forming of thin-walled parts with very small radii.     

A new weighted mean temperature model in China

The Global Positioning System (GPS) has been applied in meteorology to monitor the change of Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) in atmosphere, transformed from Zenith Wet Delay (ZWD). A key factor in converting the ZWD into the PWV is the weighted mean temperature ($T_m$), which has a direct impact on the accuracy of the transformation. A number of Bevis-type models, like $T_m-T_s$ and $T_m-T_s\text{,}{P}_s$ type models, have been developed by statistics approaches, and are not able to clearly depict the relationship between $T_m$ and the surface temperature, $T_s$. A new model for $T_m$, called weighted mean temperature norm model (abbreviated as norm model), is derived as a function of $T_s$, the lapse rate of temperature, δ, the tropopause height, $h_{\mathit{trop}}$, and the radiosonde station height, $h_s$. It is found that $T_m$ is better related to $T_s$ through an intermediate temperature. The small effects of lapse rate can be ignored and the tropopause height be obtained from an empirical model. Then the norm model is reduced to a simplified form, which causes fewer loss of accuracy and needs two inputs, $T_s$ and $h_s$. In site-specific fittings, the norm model performs much better, with RMS values reduced averagely by 0.45 K and the Mean of Absolute Differences (MAD) values by 0.2 K. The norm model is also found more appropriate than the linear models to fit $T_m$ in a large area, not only with the RMS value reduced from 4.3 K to 3.80 K, correlation coefficient $R^2$ increased from 0.84 to 0.88, and MAD decreased from 3.24 K to 2.90 K, but also with the distribution of simplified model values to be more reasonable. The RMS and MAD values of the differences between reference and computed PWVs are reduced by on average 16.3% and 14.27%, respectively, when using the new norm models instead of the linear model.     

基于SFEM的结构元件疲劳可靠性分析

将结构元件的弹性模量、泊松比、几何尺寸定义为随机场,并将随机场离散成随机变量,将抗拉强度定义为随机变量,采用Monte Carlo随机有限元法(MCSFEM),给出了元件危险点应力的随机分布。由危险点应力分布、材料的p-S-N曲线和Miner理论给出了概率名义应力法,计算常幅载荷下元件的寿命分布,并利用剩余寿命模型计算元件的可靠度。给出了两个算例,结果表明:计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

基于群论的空间可展开结构自由度分析

为了开发构型新颖、生命力强、便于运输和储藏的空间可展开结构，使其满足所处环境的时间、空间等苛刻条件，适应特殊任务的实际需求，亟需开展空间可展开结构的自由度及折展性能分析。由于现有可展结构多具有一定的对称性，基于群论方法，从对称学角度解析结构可动的本质，提出判别对称体系可动性的充分条件。根据几何约束性质，运用矩阵理论和变分原理，推导了可展结构中典型构成单元的位移协调矩阵。利用对称子空间，推导了机构位移模态、自应力模态的对称表示，并以闭合环形可展开结构为研究对象，开展了结构自由度分析。研究工作有助于新型空间可展开结构的研发与设计，为可展结构及其衍生结构的进一步研究与应用提供了理论基础。     

和差通道相位差对差模跟踪接收机的影响分析

在数据中继卫星系统中,中低轨航天器常采用差模跟踪技术,完成对数据中继卫星的捕获跟踪,建立高速数据中继传输链路。文章根据某任务跟踪接收机实际设计参数,用Matlab／Simulink软件对和差通道相位差对跟踪性能的影响进行了仿真分析。     

转子径距比对燃料电池气体循环泵性能的影响

为了揭示径距比对凸轮式气体循环泵的气动性能的影响规律，通过坐标变换推导了3叶的圆弧-渐开线-圆弧转子型线方程，建立6种不同径距比的气体循环泵模型进行对比分析。采用重整化k-ε（RNG k-ε）湍流模型对转子腔内部进行三维非定常数值计算，结合动网格技术分析转子径距比对气体循环泵流量特性、转子腔速度分布的影响规律，并与试验结果进行对比。结果表明：转子径距比对气体循环泵性能影响较为明显，随着转子径距比由1.34增大到1.45，泵出口平均流量与瞬时流量脉动呈上升趋势，且在1.38~1.40时变化较为明显，平均流量增大了0.001 833 m³/s（15.8%）；转子径距比在1.38~1.40时，转子受力较好，对转子径向激励力分量F_x的抑制较为明显，对转子径向激励力分量F_y的影响不显著；随径距比变化，转子腔内涡量分布变化较为明显，转子径距比在1.40时，转子腔内涡量分布较小，有效抑制了气体回流。     

航天大功率电动伺服系统功率驱动设计及验证技术

针对运载火箭30 kW以上功率等级电动伺服控制驱动器的研制要求，设计了一种强环境适应的大功率绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)功率驱动模组。通过对火箭固体助推发动机工作环境分析，设计了基于光耦驱动器件的功率驱动与保护电路;为有效提升功率驱动模组在高压大电流工作时的可靠性，采用降低功率主回路杂散电感与IGBT有源钳位闭环控制相结合的方法，有效抑制IGBT在大电流关断时的电压尖峰;通过对动力电进行滤波处理，有效解决高压高频信号通过线缆传输时对控制驱动器内、外部的电磁干扰问题;通过IGBT功率驱动电路的单双脉冲测试及连续功率测试，有效验证IGBT功率驱动模组的高压驱动能力，为大功率电动伺服系统的可靠性提供技术支撑。