平流层飞艇太阳能源系统研究

以平流层太阳能飞艇平台为背景,对平流层太阳能飞艇能源系统展开了分析和研究。文中建立了飞艇表面太阳能电池接收太阳直接辐射、散射辐射、反射辐射的模型。利用该模型对某飞艇太阳能电池进行计算,结果显示飞艇接收的太阳辐射能量与飞艇的工作纬度、季节、太阳能电池阵列表面面积、飞行姿态密切相关。当飞艇的脊背从日出到日落时刻正对太阳光线时,太阳能电池接收到的太阳辐射能量将是最大的。     

Adaptive Nonlinear Optimal Compensation Control for Electro-hydraulic Load Simulator

 Directing to the strong position coupling problem of electro-hydraulic load simulator (EHLS), this article presents an adap-tive nonlinear optimal compensation control strategy based on two estimated nonlinear parameters, viz. the flow gain coeffi-cient of servo valve and total factors of flow-pressure coefficient. Taking trace error of torque control system to zero as control object, this article designs the adaptive nonlinear optimal compensation control strategy, which regards torque control output of closed-loop controller converging to zero as the control target, to optimize torque tracking performance. Electro-hydraulic load simulator is a typical case of the torque system which is strongly coupled with a hydraulic positioning system. This article firstly builds and analyzes the mathematical models of hydraulic torque and positioning system, then designs an adaptive nonlinear optimal compensation controller, proves the validity of parameters estimation, and shows the comparison data among three control structures with various typical operating conditions, including proportion-integral-derivative (PID) controller only, the velocity synchronizing controller plus PID controller and the proposed adaptive nonlinear optimal compensation controller plus PID controller. Experimental results show that systems’ nonlinear parameters are estimated exactly using the proposed method, and the trace accuracy of the torque system is greatly enhanced by adaptive nonlinear optimal compensation control, and the torque servo system capability against sudden disturbance can be greatly improved.     

激光焊接ZL114A/5A06 异种铝合金接头组织及性能

采用激光焊接ZL114A/5A06异种铝合金,通过参数优化以获得性能优良的焊接接头,利用光学显微镜(OM)、拉力试验机、高温疲劳试验机、SEM和EDS对接头的显微组织、力学性能和拉伸断口进行了研究。结果表明:焊缝中心区的金相组织为等轴晶;接头焊后不经热处理,抗拉强度可达到265 MPa,为母材强度的80%以上,并有很好的抗疲劳性能;断口分析显示断裂位置在ZL114A母材一侧的熔合线附近;在保证焊透的前提下,激光功率越小,晶粒越细小,接头强度越高。对框架蒙皮结构铝合金贮箱产品试验件进行了焊接,试验件达到了产品各项性能指标要求。     

TLE数据误差与基于TLE数据的交会预报分析

目前普遍使用TLE数据进行在轨物体的危险交会预报. TLE数据误差不仅会影响交会预报的准确性, 还是计算碰撞概率的必要参数, 因此, 只有准确估计TLE数据误差, 才能得到可信的碰撞概率数值. 本文采用两种方法, 即TLE数据自比和与高精度轨道预报数据相比较的方法, 计算TLE数据误差, 并分别利用TLE数据和高精度数据计算同一交会, 比较两种数据预报的交会结果差异. 结果表明, 采用TLE根数自比方法的计算误差偏小, 而使用精轨数据作为校准数据所得到的TLE误差更接近真实误差, 计算碰撞概率更为合理, 有利于减少虚警.      

Design of an innovative multi-stage forming process for a complex aeronautical thin-walled part with very small radii

In this paper, an aeronautical thin-walled part with a complex geometry which has several sharp bends and curvatures in different directions was investigated. This kind of part is difficult to be manufactured only in one stage. Therefore, an innovative multi-stage active hydroforming process assisted by the rigid forming method was designed. In addition, an optimized blank geometry is obtained. In fact, the main focused point of this paper is to propose a new small radius rounded corner forming technique and analyze the mechanism. Two kinds of forming modes of changing a big rounded corner into a small one, which are related to different tangential positions of the die in the process of calibration, are analyzed theoretically. Meanwhile, the stress and strain states of the deformation region are compared. The relationships between the minimum relative radii of rounded corners I and II in the first stage and the hydraulic pressure are calculated by the bending theory. Finally, the influences of the tensile-bulging effect and the interface condition of the double-layer sheet on the forming quality of the specimen are investigated. The achieved results can make a foundation for utilizing the proposed method in forming of thin-walled parts with very small radii.     

A new weighted mean temperature model in China

The Global Positioning System (GPS) has been applied in meteorology to monitor the change of Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) in atmosphere, transformed from Zenith Wet Delay (ZWD). A key factor in converting the ZWD into the PWV is the weighted mean temperature ($T_m$), which has a direct impact on the accuracy of the transformation. A number of Bevis-type models, like $T_m-T_s$ and $T_m-T_s\text{,}{P}_s$ type models, have been developed by statistics approaches, and are not able to clearly depict the relationship between $T_m$ and the surface temperature, $T_s$. A new model for $T_m$, called weighted mean temperature norm model (abbreviated as norm model), is derived as a function of $T_s$, the lapse rate of temperature, δ, the tropopause height, $h_{\mathit{trop}}$, and the radiosonde station height, $h_s$. It is found that $T_m$ is better related to $T_s$ through an intermediate temperature. The small effects of lapse rate can be ignored and the tropopause height be obtained from an empirical model. Then the norm model is reduced to a simplified form, which causes fewer loss of accuracy and needs two inputs, $T_s$ and $h_s$. In site-specific fittings, the norm model performs much better, with RMS values reduced averagely by 0.45 K and the Mean of Absolute Differences (MAD) values by 0.2 K. The norm model is also found more appropriate than the linear models to fit $T_m$ in a large area, not only with the RMS value reduced from 4.3 K to 3.80 K, correlation coefficient $R^2$ increased from 0.84 to 0.88, and MAD decreased from 3.24 K to 2.90 K, but also with the distribution of simplified model values to be more reasonable. The RMS and MAD values of the differences between reference and computed PWVs are reduced by on average 16.3% and 14.27%, respectively, when using the new norm models instead of the linear model.     

XML数据到一般关系数据库数据的转换

随着Intemet的不断发展,关系数据库的局限性越来越明显,XML(ExtensibleMarkupLan-glmse—可扩展标记语言)可以有效地存储和管理Web上以指数增长着的数据(文档),使其既能被高效地操作和维护,又能在Web这个平台上方便地表示和交换。本文着重介绍了如何将XML文件数据导入一般关系数据库(本文以oracle关系数据库为例)的具体方法。     

航天器真空热试验测控系统软件结构设计与建模

统一建模语言（Unified Modeling Language,简称UML）是面向对象软件开发方法的重要技术,使用UML对软件系统进行建模研究,有利于提高软件开发的效率和可重用性等。文章给出了真空热试验测控系统软件架构和主要模块的结构设计,并利用Rational Rose结合UML对测控软件进行分析建模和设计。     

砂土硬化特征的描述及其试验验证

采用不同路径下砂土的三轴拉伸和三轴压缩试验结果,分别选用塑性体积应变、塑性剪应变、清华模型硬化参数、塑性功和统一硬化参数H作为硬化参数,在以上硬化参数和应力比空间里探讨了砂土的硬化规律和应力路径相关性.基于修正剑桥模型的屈服函数,采用塑性体积应变、塑性功和H作为硬化参数,推导了分别对应的本构模型.通过饱和塔克拉玛干沙漠砂的三轴试验结果,表明了H在描述砂土应力应变特性上的适用性.      

Micro VAX—Ⅱ计算机专用实时接口设备

在实时数字仿真系统中,实时接口设备是仿真机和控制系统实物间的界面,它的性能直接影响着实时数字仿真的精度。本文简要介绍了专为MicroVAX—Ⅱ计算机研制的DSI-4型专用实时接口设备的构成、各功能板的设计,以及DSI-4专用实时接口的工作过程和使用方法。应该指出的是:只要改变连接计算机的总线接口板,DSI-4专用实时接口还可以方便地与其它计算机(例如,CompaQ386机)组成实时数字仿真系统。