具有混合约束的DES Petri网控制器的设计

针对基于Petri网离散事件系统库所和变迁混合不等式约束反馈控制器的设计问题,提出一项新型设计具有库所和变迁混合约束的Petri网控制器的方法——利用Petri网简化技术把所有约束库所融合为一个与它们标识总量相等的库所,然后再与受约束的变迁进行对照比较,使控制器的设计更为简单并且避免了死锁,尤其是对规模较大的系统,其优势更加明显。借助一个应用实例．将该控制器设计方法与Yamalidou等人提出的控制器设计方法作比较,表明所提出的控制器设计方法不仅更简单、更有效而且可以应用到推广Petri网。     

四轴自由曲面非接触测量系统

提出一种四轴复合式自由曲面非接触测量系统,介绍了系统的组成及工作原理。阐述了该系统的两种测量功能,即回转式测量和多角度平面测量,并给出了测量实例。最后分析了系统的测量精度,实验证明本系统的精度优于0.1mm。     

基于LMI的结构摄动系统二次稳定裕度分析

研究了结构摄动系统满足指定性能的稳定裕度问题。从系统完全二次稳定性出发 ,给出了结构摄动系统满足 H∞ 性能指标的二次稳定半径定义 ,并且转化为基于线性矩阵不等式 (LMI)的极值问题进行计算。对于广义参数不确定性系统 ,基于 L MI给出了使二次稳定裕度尽可能大的 H∞ 控制器设计方法。该方法应用于某型双转子涡喷发动机稳态控制器的设计 ,拓宽了系统的鲁棒稳定界     

月球重力场模型精度比较研究

从阶方差、谱域分析以及大地水准面自由空气重力异常3个方面分析了月球重力场模型LP150Q,LP165P与SGM150各自的特点及差异,研究结果表明,SGM150重力场在中高阶项上得到了明显改善,在远月面可以发现明显的重力异常正负交替的现象。另外,对"嫦娥二号"变轨试验期间的测轨数据进行了轨道解算和预报,比较不同重力场模型的精度影响,发现基于SGM150模型的解算结果优于基于LP150Q和LP165P的,在定轨弧段内有10m量级的精度提升,可用于高精度的月球探测器精密定轨。     

半模机翼振动的风洞实验技术研究

飞行器机模型振动是影响其风洞实验数据可靠性的主要因素之一。为此,通过专门研制的半模振动模型,采用对称翼型NACA0012和层流翼型NACA64-210两种半模机翼进行了低速风洞振动实验。选取五种激振方式,用直接测力法得到模型在静态和不同激振方式下升力特性变化曲线,研究了振动频率、自然转捩和固定转捩、数据采集方式等参数对机翼气动特性测量结果的影响。结果表明：振动对半模机翼气动特性的影响程度因不同翼型构型、不同采集方式和翼面不同流动模式等而产生不同效果。结论对提高飞机模型风洞实验大迎角振动情况下的测量精准度有参考价值。     

Properties of Ground Level Enhancement Events and the Associated Solar Eruptions During Solar Cycle 23

Solar cycle 23 witnessed the most complete set of observations of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) associated with the Ground Level Enhancement (GLE) events. We present an overview of the observed properties of the GLEs and those of the two associated phenomena, viz., flares and CMEs, both being potential sources of particle acceleration. Although we do not find a striking correlation between the GLE intensity and the parameters of flares and CMEs, the solar eruptions are very intense involving X-class flares and extreme CME speeds (average ～2000?km/s). An M7.1 flare and a 1200?km/s CME are the weakest events in the list of 16 GLE events. Most (80?%) of the CMEs are full halos with the three non-halos having widths in the range 167 to 212?degrees. The active regions in which the GLE events originate are generally large: 1290?msh (median 1010?msh) compared to 934?msh (median: 790?msh) for SEP-producing active regions. For accurate estimation of the CME height at the time of metric type?II onset and GLE particle release, we estimated the initial acceleration of the CMEs using flare and CME observations. The initial acceleration of GLE-associated CMEs is much larger (by a factor of 2) than that of ordinary CMEs (2.3?km/s² vs. 1?km/s²). We confirmed the initial acceleration for two events for which CME measurements are available in the inner corona. The GLE particle release is delayed with respect to the onset of all electromagnetic signatures of the eruptions: type?II bursts, low frequency type?III bursts, soft X-ray flares and CMEs. The presence of metric type?II radio bursts some 17?min (median: 16?min; range: 3 to 48?min) before the GLE onset indicates shock formation well before the particle release. The release of GLE particles occurs when the CMEs reach an average height of ～3.09?R _s (median: 3.18?R _s ; range: 1.71 to 4.01?R _s ) for well-connected events (source longitude in the range W20–W90). For poorly connected events, the average CME height at GLE particle release is ～66?% larger (mean: 5.18?R _s ; median: 4.61?R _s ; range: 2.75–8.49?R _s ). The longitudinal dependence is consistent with shock accelerations because the shocks from poorly connected events need to expand more to cross the field lines connecting to an Earth observer. On the other hand, the CME height at metric type?II burst onset has no longitudinal dependence because electromagnetic signals do not require magnetic connectivity to the observer. For several events, the GLE particle release is very close to the time of first appearance of the CME in the coronagraphic field of view, so we independently confirmed the CME height at particle release. The CME height at metric type?II burst onset is in the narrow range 1.29 to 1.8?R _s , with mean and median values of 1.53 and 1.47?R _s . The CME heights at metric type?II burst onset and GLE particle release correspond to the minimum and maximum in the Alfvén speed profile. The increase in CME speed between these two heights suggests an increase in Alfvénic Mach number from?2 to?3. The CME heights at GLE particle release are in good agreement with those obtained from the velocity dispersion analysis (Reames in Astrophys. J. 693:812, 2009a; Astrophys. J. 706:844, 2009b) including the source longitude dependence. We also discuss the implications of the delay of GLE particle release with respect to complex type?III bursts by ～18?min (median: 16?in; range: 2 to 44?min) for the flare acceleration mechanism. A?similar analysis is also performed on the delay of particle release relative to the hard X-ray emission.     

几种不同填料用在沥青混合料中的生命周期评价

通过剩余强度比试验,比较了几种填料在沥青混合料中使用的水稳定性能;并通过生命周期评价(Lifecy-cle assessment,LCA)法对几种不同填料在沥青混合料中应用的环境友好性进行了直观、科学的分析。作为一种难以处置的工业废渣,碱渣在沥青混合料中替代传统填料使用时,不仅可以提高沥青混合料的抗剥落性能,还具有重要的经济和环境效益。     

基于AABB层次树的数字样机空间区域计算与搜索方法

为了准确地从复杂产品结构树上搜索大规模数字样机中特定空间区域的数字模型,开展关联设计和数字样机检查工作,避免复杂产品研制对高性能计算机的严重依赖,提出了产品数字样机区域划分方法.首先给出了数字样机区域层次树,然后设计了基于构建、更新和搜索AABB层次树的数字样机空间区域自动计算与搜索算法,最后将研究成果应用于某民用型机的研制.应用表明该方法大大提高了区域数字样机模型的加裁效率,缩短了数字样机的关联设计和协调周期.     

低展弦比微型轴流涡轮弯叶片设计

针对微型轴流涡轮机面临的低展弦比、低雷诺数导致效率降低的问题,以某型200kW微型燃气轴流涡轮发电机高压涡轮为研究对象,采用数值模拟方法开展了低展弦比下微型弯曲轴流涡轮叶片设计技术研究。对展弦比为0.88的涡轮静叶,分析对比了正弯和J型弯静叶对微型涡轮流场的影响,结果显示:正弯静叶顶部出口气流角较大,造成下游动叶叶尖泄漏损失增大,整体效率下降;而J型弯方案抑制了下游动叶叶背中径的流动分离,整体性能较原型有所提升。然后,研究了J型静叶弯高和弯角对涡轮性能的影响规律,结果表明:采用大弯高小弯角设计的J型静叶提高了静叶根部通流能力,同时合理分配了静叶通道内的负荷以及出口气流方向,对涡轮级流场的改善效果更佳。J型静叶弯高为1、弯角为+5°时,级效率达到0.852,流量为1.205kg/s,较原型分别提高了0.77%和0.96%。     

激光功率对激光熔覆Ni包WC涂层组织与性能的影响

采用IPG YLS-6000型 大功率光纤激光器在42CrMo合金表面制备Ni包WC涂层,研究激光功率对涂层组织及性能的影响。研究表明:随着激光功率的增大,涂层组织呈粗化趋势;且在激光功率的增大过程中,涂层中WC颗粒逐渐分解为Fe-C化合物,硬度逐渐减小;当激光功率为1 800 W时,显微硬度达到最大值1 050 HV;Ni包WC涂层显著提高了基材的耐磨性,在同等磨损条件下,涂层的磨损量仅为基体试件的1/5,但激光功率对涂层磨损量的影响不大。