脉冲雷达凝视模式下低轨碎片相对运动特征分析

脉冲雷达凝视模式是一种探测低轨小碎片的重要方式,其中低轨碎片与雷达的径向运动关系是碎片统计分析的基础.为推算碎片相对雷达的运动特征,基于坐标系的相互转换,先利用雷达测站信息,得到可见碎片在地惯坐标系下的轨道信息;再逆向将目标不同时刻的位置转换至测站坐标系下,得到目标的径向运动特征.在不同要素（雷达波束指向、雷达仰角、测站纬度、目标距离）下,仿真及对比分析了各个参数对速度模糊度、雷达可见性等的影响,得出在凝视模式下目标相对雷达近似做径向匀加速运动,这为后续试验工作提供有力的依据.     

Aeroelastic two-level optimization for preliminary design of wing structures considering robust constraints

An aeroelastic two-level optimization methodology for preliminary design of wing struc- tures is presented, in which the parameters for structural layout and sizes are taken as design vari- ables in the first-level optimization, and robust constraints in conjunction with conventional aeroelastic constraints are considered in the second-level optimization. A low-order panel method is used for aerodynamic analysis in the first-level optimization, and a high-order panel method is employed in the second-level optimization. It is concluded that the design of the abovementioned structural parameters of a wing can be improved using the present method with high efficiency. An improvement is seen in aeroelastic performance of the wing obtained with the present method when compared to the initial wing. Since these optimized structures are obtained after consideration of aerodynamic and structural uncertainties, they are well suited to encounter these uncertainties when they occur in reality.     

连续尺度变换方程在稳态及非稳态流动模拟中的应用

为了提高涡粘性假设的湍流模型对于非稳态流动的求解精度,同时兼顾其对于稳态流动的求解性能,将雷诺应力项与连续变换方程(CSSE)结合而形成新的应力项,使其根据流场尺度、网格尺度及Kolmogorov尺度来自动调节当地的应力雷诺应力模化水平,避免网格因素在流场模拟中产生不利影响,改正了混合RANS/LES方法的速度型偏离对数率问题;同时,该方法并未引入显式亚格子模型(SGS),因此回避了亚格子系数确定对于流场模拟精度产生的影响,改善了湍流模型对于流动不稳定性的辨识精度。在湍流平板算例中,CSSE方法计算的边界层速度型精度与雷诺平均方法(RANS)相当,而对于圆柱尾迹的模拟则证明了CSSE方法具有混合RANS/LES方法的优点,即能够准确模拟流动的不稳定性特征。     

基于模型的载人航天器研制方法研究与实践

载人航天器具有系统规模大、技术难度高、单件小批量、无法通过多次飞行持续完善设计、可靠性要求高等特点。当前载人航天器研制中仍存在着参数化和模型化程度不高、基于模型的系统综合仿真验证不足、研制各环节缺乏数字化集成等问题,传统基于文本的系统工程方法已无法满足研制需求,亟需采用基于模型的系统工程方法。本文针对载人航天器的研制现状和应用需求,提出了面向载人航天器全生命周期的模型体系,定义了需求模型、功能模型、产品模型、工程模型、制造模型、实做模型等六类模型,提出了基于模型的研制流程,包含系统设计闭环验证、产品设计闭环验证、实做产品闭环验证3个验证环节,并深入探索了各研制环节中不同模型间的传递与关联关系。以某型号载人航天器为应用基础,系统地验证了提出的方法。     

虚拟多触角探测的高超声速滑翔飞行器再入机动制导

针对高超声速滑翔飞行器再入过程中面对的多约束问题,提出一种基于虚拟多触角探测的路航点规划机动制导策略。该机动制导策略通过飞行器最大转弯轨迹计算速度-剩余地面距离-航向角约束,在分段定点模式中发出多条粗略预测触角,引用触角末端反馈的信息计算优先级以确定临时路航点;同时在机动制导模式中发出精细探测触角,计算触角末端信息优先级,经倾侧角延时滤波器得出控制指令,对飞行器进行机动制导。基于多触角探测的路航点规划机动制导策略,降低了三触角机动制导方法中的计算时间;同时,4种典型禁飞区条件下的仿真结果表明,该策略能够有效稳定地解决机动制导过程中的多约束问题。     

Coupling damage and reliability model of low-cycle fatigue and high energy impact based on the local stress–strain approach

Fatigue induced products generally bear fatigue loads accompanied by impact processes,which reduces their reliable life rapidly. This paper introduces a reliability assessment model based on a local stress–strain approach considering both low-cycle fatigue and high energy impact loads.Two coupling relationships between fatigue and impact are given with effects of an impact process on fatigue damage and effects of fatigue damage on impact performance. The analysis of the former modifies the fatigue parameters and the Manson–Coffin equation for fatigue life based on material theories. On the other hand, the latter proposes the coupling variables and the difference of fracture toughness caused by accumulative fatigue damage. To form an overall reliability model including both fatigue failure and impact failure, a competing risk model is developed. A case study of an actuator cylinder is given to validate this method.     

Determination of thermal expansion coefficients for unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites

In the present work, the coefficients of thermal expansion（CTEs） of unidirectional（UD）fiber-reinforced composites are studied. First, an attempt is made to propose a model to predict both longitudinal and transverse CTEs of UD composites by means of thermo-elastic mechanics analysis. The proposed model is supposed to be a concentric cylinder with a transversely isotropic fiber embedded in an isotropic matrix, and it is subjected to a uniform temperature change. Then a concise and explicit formula is offered for each CTE. Finally, some finite element（FE） models are created by a finite element program MSC. Patran according to different material systems and fiber volume fractions. In addition, the available experimental data and results of other analytical solutions of CTEs are presented. Comparisons are made among the results of the cylinder model,the finite element method（FEM）, experiments, and other solutions, which show that the predicted CTEs by the new model are in good agreement with the experimental data. In particular, transverse CTEs generally offer better agreements than those predicted by most of other solutions.     

轮胎和缓冲支柱压力对摆振特性的影响

阐述了摆振分析的基本思路,分析了轮胎和缓冲支柱压力对摆振特性的影响,并结合某起落架计算比较了不同轮胎及缓冲支柱压力下的摆振特性。研究表明:当两者压力降低时,摆振临界阻尼均减小,有利于防摆;反之,摆振临界阻尼均增大,不利于防摆;但在两者压力变化的百分比相同的情况下,轮胎压力变化比缓冲支柱压力变化对摆振特性的影响更明显。     

有机硅材料用于冲压发动机绝热层的研究

介绍了以硅树脂作为冲压发动机绝热层的基体材料,以YJ 短纤维或纤维织物作为增强材料的两 种绝热层配方的烧蚀性能。考察了YJ 短纤维的含量、硅树脂/ 纤维织物的质量配比对绝热层烧蚀率和工艺性 能的影响。结果表明:YJ 短纤维为4 份时,硅树脂/ YJ 短纤维/ 氧化锆配方的烧蚀与工艺的综合性能最佳,而 硅树脂与纤维织物的质量配比为1. 1 ∶1 时,硅树脂/ 纤维织物配方的氧乙炔烧蚀率最小,仅为15. 2 μm/ s。20 s 缩比发动机地面试验结果表明,两种配方绝热层均对冲压发动机实施了有效热防护。     

基于生成对抗网络的空间卫星低照度图像增强

针对空间低照度成像条件下卫星光学图像信息受损严重的问题,提出了一种基于生成对抗网络的空间卫星低照度图像增强方法,提高了图像的平均亮度及对比度,恢复图像细节信息,为图像识别等图像处理技术提供更高质量的数据信息.首先,设计了一种密集连接的生成器,加强了各特征提取阶段中的信息传递以及多层特征的融合,减少了特征信息的损耗,更好...