基于级联型逆变器的感应电机无速度传感器矢量控制

针对采用级联型逆变器的感应电机矢量控制系统,提出了基于反电动势的转速辨识方法。该方法以反电动势作为系统模型输出来构造模型参考自适应系统(MRAS)。MRAS采用参考模型和可调模型并联型结构实现转速辨识,消除了纯积分环节带来的问题。将所提方法应用于感应电机矢量控制系统并通过仿真和试验得以实现。仿真和试验结果表明,该方法易于实现,能够准确估计电机的转速。     

Experimental investigation on aero-heating of rudder shaft within laminar/turbulent hypersonic boundary layers

The aero-heating of the rudder shaft region of a hypersonic vehicle is very harsh, as the peak heat flux in this region can be even higher than that at the stagnation point. Therefore, studying the aero-heating of the rudder shaft is of great significance for designing the thermal protection system of the hypersonic vehicle. In the wind tunnel test of the aero-heating effect, we find that with the increase of the angle of attack of the lifting body model, the increasement of the heat flux of the rudder shaft is larger under laminar flow conditions than that under turbulent flow conditions. To understand this, we design a wind tunnel experiment to study the effect of laminar/turbulent hypersonic boundary layers on the heat flux of the rudder shaft under the same wind tunnel freestream conditions. The experiment is carried out in the ?2 m shock tunnel(FD-14 A) affiliated to the China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center(CARDC). The laminar boundary layer on the model is triggered to a turbulent one by using vortex generators, which are 2 mm-high diamonds. The aero-heating of the rudder shaft(with the rudder) and the protuberance(without the rudder) are studied in both hypersonic laminar and turbulent boundary layers under the same freestream condition. The nominal Mach numbers are 10 and 12, and the unit Reynolds numbers are2.4 × 10~6 m~(-1) and 2.1 × 10~6 m-1. The angle of attack of the model is 20°, and the deflection angle of the rudder and the protuberance is 10°. The heat flux on the model surface is measured by thin film heat flux sensors, and the heat flux distribution along the center line of the lifting body model suggests that forced transition is achieved in the upstream of the rudder. The test results of the rudder shaft and the protuberance show that the heat flux of the rudder shaft is lower in the turbulent flow than that in the laminar flow, but the heat flux of the protuberance is the other way around,i.e., lower in the laminar flow than in the turbulent flow. The wind tunnel test results is also validated by numerical simulations. Our analysis suggests that this phenomenon is due to the difference of boundary layer velocities caused by different thickness of boundary layer between laminar and turbulent flows, as well as the restricted flow within the rudder gap. When the turbulent boundary layer is more than three times thicker than that of the laminar boundary layer, the heat flux of the rudder shaft under the laminar flow condition is higher than that under the turbulent flow condition. Discovery of this phenomenon has great importance for guiding the design of the thermal protection system for the rudder shaft of hypersonic vehicles.     

Effect of W addition on phase transformation and microstructure of powder metallurgic Ti-22Al-25Nb alloys during quenching and furnace cooling

Powder metallurgic Ti2 AlNb alloys with W addition are sintered at 900, 1000, 1070 °C,and 1150 °C(i.e., in the O + B2, a_2+ B2 + O, a_2+ B2, and single B2 phase regions, respectively)for 12 h, followed by water quenching and furnace cooling. Comparisons of phase and microstructure between quenched and furnace-cooled W-modified alloys are carried out to illustrate the phase transformation and microstructure evolution during the cooling process. Furthermore, a comparison is also made between W-modified and W-free alloys, to reveal the function of the W alloying.W addition accelerates the solutions of a_2 and O phases during the high-temperature holding, and a Widmannsta¨tten B2 + O structure, which contributes to the properties, is induced by furnace cooling from all the phase regions. The Widmannsta¨tten structure includes a B2 matrix, primary O, and secondary O precipitates. However, W alloying refines the Widmannsta¨tten structure only when the alloys are solution-treated and then cooled from the single B2 phase. Although the hardness of the W-modified alloys is lower than that of the W-free alloys sintered in the same phase region, an enhancement of hardness, 489 ± 18 HV, is obtained in the alloy solution-treated in the single B2 phase region for only 0.5 h.     

Kinematics-based four-state trajectory tracking control of a spherical mobile robot driven by a 2-DOF pendulum

Spherical mobile robot has compact structure, remarkable stability, and flexible motion,which make it have many advantages over traditional mobile robots when applied in those unmanned environments, such as outer planets. However, spherical mobile robot is a special highly under-actuated nonholonomic system, which cannot be transformed to the classic chained form. At present, there has not been a kinematics-based trajectory tracking controller which could track both the position states and the attitude states of a spherical mobile robot. In this paper, the four-state(two position states and two attitude states) trajectory tracking control of a type of spherical mobile robot driven by a 2-DOF pendulum was studied. A controller based on the shunting model of neurodynamics and the kinematic model was deduced, and its stability was demonstrated with Lyapunov's direct method. The control priorities of the four states were allocated according to the magnification of each state tracking error in order to firstly ensure the correct tracking of the position states. The outputs(motor speeds) of the controller were regulated according to the maximum speeds and the maximum accelerations of the actuation motors in order to solve the speed jump problem caused by initial state errors, and continuous and bounded outputs were obtained. The effectiveness including the anti-interference ability of the proposed trajectory tracking controller was verified through MATLAB simulations.     

Performance Analysis and Power Allocation for Cooperative SSK System with Receive Correlation in Rayleigh Fading Channel

In this paper,the performance analysis of cooperative space shift keying(SSK)system with dual-hop amplify and forward(AF)in receive-correlated Rayleigh channel is presented. By means of the performance analysis,a closed-form approximate expression of the average bit error rate(BER)is derived for the performance evaluation.With this expression,in a high signal-to-noise-ratio(SNR)region,a tight closed-form asymptotic BER of the system is also derived. It can simplify the calculation of average BER and provide effective evaluation for asymptotic performance. By minimizing this asymptotic BER expression,a suboptimum power allocation(PA) scheme is developed,and the closed-form PA coefficients are obtained. Simulation indicates that the suboptimal PA scheme outperforms the conventional equal PA scheme,and its performance is very close to that of the exhaustive search based optimal PA scheme but with low complexity. Moreover,the system performance under the spatially correlated channel is worse than that in spatially independent channel due to the effect of spatial correlation.     

一种应用于着陆支撑系统中的锁紧机构设计与仿真

垂直起降运载器着陆过程是一种对支撑机构的结构强度、锁紧机构可靠性、缓冲器吸能特性要求极高的复杂瞬态碰撞吸能过程。针对现有着陆支撑机构构型单一等问题,提出一种全新的着陆支撑机构构型,并对该锁紧机构进行结构设计。由于支撑机构在展开过程中受到重力、空气阻力等多种环境力的作用,导致锁紧连杆相对速度在有限范围内变化。通过建立锁紧机构中移动构件力学方程并计算得到合理驱动弹簧参数,而后将锁紧相对速度作为输入变量,通过ADAMS建立虚拟样机模型完成工况模拟,并分析不同驱动弹簧参数对锁定可行性的影响,为锁紧机构可靠锁定提供技术支持。     

双后掠乘波体的非线性升力增长

基于密切锥的双后掠乘波体是定平面形状乘波体的典型应用,除了具有良好的宽速域性能,其升力在高超声速大迎角下的非线性增长也是值得研究的现象。对比双后掠乘波体与单后掠乘波体的气动性能,发现双后掠外形比同等面积的单后掠外形具有更强的非线性增升效应,而且随着马赫数增加,其效应不断增强。分析乘波体不同部件的气动力,发现这种增升主要来自下表面,上表面贡献很小,指出相关学者提出的"涡升力"观点存在问题。本文研究表明,双后掠乘波体升力随迎角的非线性增加,与后掠角对激波附着的影响有关：后掠角越小,激波越难脱体,只要激波附着,参考斜激波关系式,波后的压力随迎角的增长就是非线性的,导致升力增长非线性;而激波脱体,升力增长则趋于线性。     

基于交替联合迭代的关节电机滑模控制参数整定方法

机器人关节电机的控制器参数整定是实现系统良好控制性能的前提。提出了一种基于交替联合迭代的关节电机滑模控制器参数整定方法。设计了永磁同步关节电机的电磁参数,并设计了PID电流环控制器和滑模速度环控制器结合的滑模PID控制器。利用工程整定方法初步整定滑模速度环控制器的参数;增设冗余PID速度环控制器,对其参数进行整定,以冗余PID速度环控制器和滑模速度环控制器作用于系统时的输出转速为迭代变量,交替选择速度环控制器参数进行联合迭代,完成滑模速度环控制器参数的整定。利用MATLAB/Simulink软件对系统进行仿真,证明方法具有较高的整定效率,可使关节电机控制系统获得良好的控制性能。     

火箭发动机出口参数对喷焰流动及辐射的影响

基于详细化学反应机理+逐线积分法+视在光线法开展了火箭发动机喷焰流动与辐射特性研究,分析了不同化学反应机理对流动与辐射的影响,利用地面试验数据校验了模型的正确性,并详细分析了火箭发动机出口参数变化对喷焰流动及辐射的影响规律。研究结果表明:喷管出口温度增加,对流场结构影响较小,但会显著提升喷焰的复燃效应;喷管出口压强增加,会对流场马赫波系结构产生影响,但对喷焰二次燃烧影响较小;喷焰红外辐射强度会随着出口温度或出口压强的升高而增加,且红外辐射强度与出口推力正相关。      

七叶侧斜螺旋桨设计参数对空泡性能的影响研究

为建立有效的预报螺旋桨空泡性能的方法,并基于该方法参数化分析七叶侧斜螺旋桨设计参数对空泡性能的影响,基于CFD方法建立了螺旋桨全湿流和空泡流非定常数值计算模型。通过对DTMB4381标准螺旋桨全湿流及空泡数值模拟结果与试验值的对比,验证了计算模型的准确性。通过对网格的收敛性分析,验证了收敛性并保证了计算精度。采用B样条曲线拟合方法拟合某七叶侧斜螺旋桨设计参数,通过改变控制点的值改变设计参数的分布型式。在此基础上重点分析了该七叶侧斜螺旋桨桨叶侧斜、弦长以及纵倾分布型式对螺旋桨空泡性能的影响,计算表明加大侧斜能够减小空泡面积,使空泡的随边边界向桨叶中心偏移,增大侧斜后螺旋桨平均推力较原型桨增大9.0%;增加盘面比会使空泡面积增大,但会降低螺旋桨单位面积的平均负载,增加盘面比后螺旋桨平均推力较原型桨增大11.8%;同时桨叶向压力面弯曲或向吸力面弯曲的计算都表明,一定程度的纵倾有利于改善螺旋桨的空泡性能。