A novel integrated self-powered brake system for more electric aircraft

Traditional hydraulic brake systems require a complex system of pipelines between an aircraft engine driven pump (EDP) and brake actuators, which increases the weight of the aircraft and may even cause serious vibration and leakage problems. In order to improve the reliability and safety of more electric aircraft (MEA), this paper proposes a new integrated self-powered brake system (ISBS) for MEA. It uses a hydraulic pump geared to the main wheel to recover a small part of the kinetic energy of a landing aircraft. The recovered energy then serves as the hydraulic power supply for brake actuators. It does not require additional hydraulic source, thus removing the pipelines between an EDP and brake actuators. In addition, its self-powered characteristic makes it possible to brake as usual even in an emergency situation when the airborne power is lost. This paper introduces the working principle of the ISBS and presents a prototype. The mathematical models of a taxiing aircraft and the ISBS are established. A feedback linearization control algorithm is designed to fulfill the anti-skid control. Simulations are carried out to verify the feasibility of the ISBS, and experiments are conducted on a ground inertia brake test bench. The ISBS presents a good performance and provides a new potential solution in the field of brake systems for MEA.     

Digital fixed-frequency hysteresis current control of a BLDC motor applied for aerospace electrically powered actuators

In the conventional cascade control structure of aerospace electrically powered actuators, the current (or electromagnetic torque) loop plays a critical role in realizing a rapid response for a digitally controlled BrushLess Direct Current (BLDC) motor. Hysteresis Current Control (HCC) is an effective method in improving the performance of current control for a BLDC motor. Nevertheless, the varying modulating frequency in the traditional HCC causes severe problems on the safety of power devices and the electromagnetic compatibility design. A triangular carrier-based fixed-frequency HCC strategy is expanded by relaxing the constraints on the rising and descending rates of the winding current to advance the capability of HCC to realize fixed-frequency modulation in the steady state. Based on that, a new flexible-bound-size quasi-fixed-frequency HCC is proposed, and the range feasible to realize fixed-frequency modulation control can cover the entire running process in the steady state. Meanwhile, a corresponding digital control strategy is designed, and four digitalization rules are proposed to extend the capacity to achieve fixed-frequency modulation control to the unsteady working state, that is, a novel fixed-frequency modulation is realized. Simulation and experimental results prove the effectiveness of this improved fixed-frequency HCC strategy.     

动力涡轮导叶可调的三轴式船用燃气轮机动态实时仿真

鉴于传统的燃气轮机建模方法用于动力涡轮导叶可调的三轴式船用燃气轮机动态实时仿真时具有一定局限性,提出了一种新型的基于径向基函数(Radical basis function,RBF)的神经网络与部件法(Component modeling method,CMM)的复合建模方法 (HMRC)。该方法针对该型燃气轮机的结构和总体性能特点,合理地选取了样本点以减小样本规模。通过神经网络与部件法分别计算燃气发生器与动力涡轮相关参数,采用MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真软件建立实时仿真模型。与传统的部件法建立起来的仿真模型对比,新方法计算结果与部件法吻合度高,误差低于1%,同时模型的实时性得到了大幅提升,计算速度约为部件法的7倍。     

A self-similar solution of a curved shock wave and its time-dependent force variation for a starting flat plate airfoil in supersonic flow

The problem of aeroelasticity and maneuvering of command surface and gust wing interaction involves a starting flow period which can be seen as the flow of an airfoil attaining suddenly an angle of attack. In the linear or nonlinear case, compressive Mach or shock waves are generated on the windward side and expansive Mach or rarefaction waves are generated on the leeward side. On each side, these waves are composed of an oblique steady state wave, a vertically-moving one-dimensional unsteady wave, and a secondary wave resulting from the interaction between the steady and unsteady ones. An analytical solution in the secondary wave has been obtained by Heaslet and Lomax in the linear case, and this linear solution has been borrowed to give an approximate solution by Bai and Wu for the nonlinear case. The structure of the secondary shock wave and the appearance of various force stages are two issues not yet considered in previous studies and has been studied in the present paper. A self-similar solution is obtained for the secondary shock wave, and the reason to have an initial force plateau as observed numerically is identified. Moreover, six theoretical characteristic time scales for pressure load variation are determined which explain the slope changes of the time-dependent force curve.     

形状记忆合金变刚度结构振动控制仿真研究

为了实现Ti50Ni41Cu9形状记忆合金(SMA)用于复杂结构振动控制的动力学分析,掌握变刚度振动控制的机理和控制规律,基于Kelvin-Voigt粘弹性本构关系,建立了适用于动力学分析的SMA本构模型,并通过ABAQUS编写材料本构程序,形成有效的SMA结构动力学有限元仿真方法,实现了多参数影响下SMA结构的非线性稳态和瞬态动力学仿真计算。计算结果表明:SMA的宏观本构模型能够较好地反映材料动力学性能的变化特征,编制的UMAT子程序与试验数据吻合较好;变刚度控制可以有效降低定频激励引起的稳态响应,对于悬臂板结构响应降幅在40%以上;控制速率与响应的最终变化程度无关,但会引起系统非线性特征,从而影响控制过程需要的时间;采用对向变刚度控制可以降低跨越主频的瞬态振动响应,变温速率越快,系统的峰值响应越小,快速变温时会产生自发频带现象,其对主频能量有显著分散作用,可以一定程度上抑制最大响应峰值。     

边倒圆型气膜孔流动换热特性研究

为提高涡轮叶片气膜冷却效率,根据主流与射流间的相互作用关系,并以圆柱型气膜孔为基础,在气膜孔出口前缘位置进行边倒圆处理,同时对该新型的边倒圆型气膜孔结构进行了实验及数值计算研究。分析了边倒圆型气膜孔的流动换热机理,得到了新型气膜孔下游全表面气膜冷却特性分布及气膜孔的流量系数。结果表明:边倒圆型气膜孔内流动均匀,出口涡强度有所降低,进而能够减弱主流通道内的反转对涡强度;同时由于边倒圆孔的扩张作用使得射流法向动量降低、展向动量增强,从而提高气膜冷却效率。边倒圆型气膜孔的孔下游区域气膜贴壁性较好,气膜展向覆盖面积较大。相比于圆柱型气膜孔,边倒圆型气膜孔下游区域换热系数较高,远孔区域换热系数较小。新型气膜孔的流量系数比圆柱型气膜孔约大5%,孔内流动损失较小。整体上看,边倒圆型气膜孔具有较好的流动换热特性。     

小型感性耦合射频等离子体中和器的实验研究

为了研究适用于百瓦级电推力器的离子束流中和技术,基于电子鞘层模型、射频等离子体最优放电技术和通过插入探针实现快速点火的方法,设计了一套小型感性耦合射频等离子体中和器(RF plasma neutralizer,RPN)。实验研究了RPN中和器的稳定工作条件和电子引出特性,实现了RPN中和器稳定工作和电子有效引出。实验结果表明:电子引出特性主要取决于发射孔附近阳极斑的形成与否,而阳极斑的形成又主要受结构设计、工质流量和偏置电压等运行条件的影响;通过对RPN运行条件的优化试验,获得了55~150m A可调电子束流范围和较高的工质利用系数(3.9~10.5),满足离子束流中和需求;另外,实验中还观察到了电子束流随工质流量或偏置电压的迟滞现象。     

改进的Neumann-LU混合法在失谐整体叶盘随机分析中的应用

为了降低失谐整体叶盘的随机分析矩阵求逆的计算成本,提出一种基于Neumann级数和LU分解的改进Neumann-LU混合法。一方面,在非共振频率附近的大区域采用Neumann级数频域展开式以提高计算效率;另一方面,在共振频率附近小区域采用LU分解法以提高计算计算精度;根据Neumann级数展开项数来选定自适应阀值,实现两种矩阵求逆方法的自动转换而不用消耗额外的计算资源。选取具有失谐特征的整体叶盘为研究对象,分别运用改进的Neumann-LU混合法和单一LU分解法求解叶片在阶次激励下的频域响应,并从计算效率和计算精度方面进行比较。研究结果表明,在保证计算精度误差不大于0.1%的前提下,改进的Neumann-LU混合法可以提高失谐整体叶盘随机分析大约55%的计算效率。     

三级轴向旋流燃烧室流场结构研究

为深入了解燃烧室内流场,研究不同来流状态对燃烧室流场结构的影响,基于粒子成像速度仪(PIV)技术,对采用三级轴向旋流器的航空发动机燃烧室进行流场测量,分别在Case 1常温低压(0.49MPa)、Case 2常温中压(0.98MPa)、Case 3常温高压(1.64MPa)、Case 4全状态(高温813K高压2.78MPa)来流条件下进行。研究结果表明,同一燃烧室模型在不同速度、温度和压力来流下有基本相同的流场结构,但在中心回流区尺寸、角落回流区尺寸、主燃孔和掺混孔射流等细节方面仍有明显差异,来流压力较高的流场中心回流区向下游扩展更深入,角落回流区被压缩,主燃孔和掺混孔射流速度增加且进气比例增大。     

PATR发动机关键技术与性能提升途径初探

PATR发动机是针对临近空间高速投放平台、水平起降两级入轨重复使用航天运输器之一级而提出的一种组合发动机。此发动机具有工作速域宽、模态简捷、推质比高及性能优等优点,是组合发动机发展方向之一。介绍了PATR发动机及其特点,分析了影响系统研发的系统设计、高效换热、高效涡轮机、材料及工艺等关键技术。在此基础上,提出了优化系统方案和部件参数等提高发动机性能的途径。