基于UPF的航天器自主天文导航方法

利用红外地球敏感器和星敏感器直接敏感地平的天文导航方法是一种成熟、可靠的自主导航方法。这种导航方法的状态方程和量测方程都是严重非线性的,且在建立航天器轨道动力学模型时,通常将二阶带谐摄动项建模,而将其他摄动项等效为高斯白噪声,由于这些摄动项都有其精确的模型,通常不服从高斯分布。本文提出将UPF(Unscented Particle Filter)滤波方法应用于航天器自主天文导航,该方法用UKF(Unscented Kalman Filter)得到粒子滤波的重要性采样密度函数,从而克服了标准的粒子滤波没有考虑最新量测信息和UKF只能应用于噪声为高斯分布的不足。仿真结果表明,该方法可以取得比标准的粒子滤波和UKF更快的滤波收敛性和更高的滤波精度。     

反作用轮密封罩结构的稳定性研究

反作用轮外壳体结构是反作用轮工作的载体,对保证反作用轮正常工作具有重要的作用。壳体由底座和密封罩两部分组成。文章基于通用有限元分析软件,利用特征值屈曲分析和非线性屈曲分析两种方法,研究了反作用轮密封罩结构的稳定性能,分析了壳面形态对结构稳定性能的影响。研究结果为反作用飞轮密封罩结构的设计和制造提供理论依据。     

基于新息正交性的Kalman滤波抗野值法在POS中的应用

 针对位置姿态系统（POS）应用中全球定位系统（GPS）野值会降低滤波精度和稳定性的问题,提出将基于新息正交性的Kalman滤波（KF）抗野值法应用于POS数据处理中。该方法首先通过判断KF新息过程的正交性是否丧失来判别GPS的位置和速度数据中是否出现野值,然后采用活化函数对含有野值的量测值进行加权限制,使修正后的新息过程能够保持正交性质,从而达到辨识并修正GPS野值的目的。车载试验结果表明,该方法能够有效辨识并抑制GPS野值对滤波精度和稳定性的不利影响,其在GPS野值点处的位置、速度精度比标准KF提高了1~2个数量级。     

基于鲁棒H∞控制的DTG动基座锁定回路设计

 针对动力调谐陀螺（DTG）动基座锁定问题,提出一种基于鲁棒H_∞控制的DTG动基座锁定回路设计方法。首先,建立了DTG的状态空间模型,将基座角运动视为外部干扰输入,将陀螺启动（或停止）过程中由于转子转速变化引起的参数变化视为模型摄动;然后,采用能够处理参数摄动下干扰抑制问题的鲁棒H_∞控制器设计了DTG动基座锁定回路,并将其转化?曜吉獺∞控制问题,采用线性矩阵不等式(LMI)求解。仿真结果表明：在不需要转速信息的情况下,该回路可以实现从启动到停止整个过程中将陀螺转子锁定零位附近。     

基于扩张状态观测器的DGMSCMG框架伺服系统振动抑制方法

针对带有谐波减速器的双框架磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺(DGMSCMG)框架系统存在较低频率谐振点的问题,提出了一种基于扩张状态观测器(ESO)振动抑制的控制方法。在谐波减速器的输入端和输出端分别设计三阶扩张状态观测器,通过电机及负载端的角位置信号不但能够估计电机和负载的角速率,而且可以比较准确地估计到扭转刚度的非线性变化及外部扰动力矩引起的综合扰动,通过反馈及前馈补偿对综合扰动进行抑制。设计的基于扩张状态观测器的控制器抑制了框架伺服系统的振动、提高了框架的速率输出精度。仿真及实验结果表明了该控制算法是有效的并具有较强的鲁棒性。     

Satellite availability and positioning performance of uncombined precise point positioning using BeiDou-2 and BeiDou-3 multi-frequency signals

To realize the smooth transition from regional BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS-2) to the global one (BDS-3), the integration of BDS-2 and BDS-3 is important for providing continuous, stable and reliable positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) services for global users. This work used 154 globally distributed multi-GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) experiment stations spanning 30 days to analyze the satellite availability and positioning performance of uncombined precise point positioning (UC-PPP) under current BDS-2 and BDS-3 constellations. We focused on three issues: the influence of BDS-3 receiver tracking abilities, the positioning performance among different areas, and the benefit of multi-frequency observations. The results show that the elliptical zone caused by poor BDS-2 satellite visibility is disappeared when the evenly distributed BDS-3 medium earth orbit satellites are introduced. When BDS-3 are integrated with BDS-2, the area with the Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) less than 2 can be expanded to 75° S-75° N and 30° E-150° W. The positioning performance of BDS-3 and BDS-2/BDS-3 UC-PPP are seriously affected by the receiver tracking abilities of BDS-3 signals. When the maximum pseudo-random noise sequences (PRNs) of BDS-3 satellites tracked by stations are within 30 or 37, the positioning accuracy of static UC-PPP can be improved by 22.94% or 8.27% due to the integration of BDS-2 and BDS-3. Besides, the most improvement of BDS-2 and BDS-3 integration is achieved in Asia-Pacific regions, especially for the kinematic UC-PPP or the poor receiver tracking abilities of BDS-3. Similar to the multi-frequency BDS-2 UC-PPP, the benefit of multi-frequency signals for BDS-3 or BDS-2/BDS-3 UC-PPP is also non-vital. The three-dimensional positioning accuracy of BDS-2/BDS-3 multi-frequency UC-PPP in static mode and kinematic mode are 2.24 cm and 5.39 cm, while the corresponding convergence time are 49.62 min and 73.80 min, respectively. Compared with BDS-2, both the positioning accuracy and the convergence time of BDS-2/BDS-3 joint UC-PPP are improved by approximately over 50%, which indicates that BDS-3 has a great potential to provide high-quality PNT services as other global navigation satellite systems.     

Interlaced optimal-REQUEST and unscented Kalman filtering for attitude determination

 Aimed at low accuracy of attitude determination because of using low-cost components which may result in non-linearity in integrated attitude determination systems, a novel attitude determination algorithm using vector observations and gyro measurements is presented. The various features of the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and optimal-REQUEST (quaternion estimator) algorithms are introduced for attitude determination. An interlaced filtering method is presented for the attitude determination of nano-spacecraft by setting the quaternion as the attitude representation, using the UKF and optimal-REQUEST to estimate the gyro drifts and the quaternion, respectively. The optimal-REQUEST and UKF are not isolated from each other. When the optimal-REQUEST algorithm estimates the attitude quaternion, the gyro drifts are estimated by the UKF algorithm synchronously by using the estimated attitude quaternion. Furthermore, the speed of attitude determination is improved by setting the state dimension to three. Experimental results show that the presented method has higher performance in attitude determination compared to the UKF algorithm and the traditional interlaced filtering method and can estimate the gyro drifts quickly.     

高速无刷直流电机在磁悬浮惯性执行机构中的应用研究进展

为了满足新一代卫星平台高精度、高稳定度的需求,研制了一种磁悬浮惯性执行机构用功耗低、精度高、体积小、重量轻的高速无刷直流电机,提出了多约束条件下电机定子结构和转子磁体结构的设计优化原则及方法,并就高精度的锁相速度控制以及铁耗和转矩脉动的抑制方法进行了研究.对比分析了国内外高速永磁无刷直流电机在磁悬浮惯性执行机构中的应用研究现状,指明了所提出的设计原则和控制方法对提高磁悬浮惯性执行机构整体性能的有效性.     

电容式微加速度计闭环检测电路

针对硅微惯性器件中的微小差分电容检测,提出了一种应用于三明治结构差分电容式微机械加速度计的闭环检测电路.通过等电势屏蔽法,相干解调技术和增加激励信号对称性等技术屏蔽杂散电容,抑制了电路噪声和共模误差,提高了检测电路的微弱信号辨识能力;静电力平衡闭环检测克服了开环输出信号的非线性缺陷,实现了高线性度、高分辨率的电容检测.设计的闭环检测电路具有电路简单、线性度好、抗干扰性强和易于集成的特点.实验结果表明,加速度计量程可达±15g,电容分辨率可达10^-16F.     

含薄弱环节复合材料圆管耐撞性研究

设计并制作了3种新型的复合材料吸能圆管薄弱环节,即内倒角、花冠型和端部开缝的薄弱环节.通过准静态轴向压溃试验研究了这3种薄弱环节对复合材料圆管耐撞性的影响,并将试验结果与不含薄弱环节及含外倒角薄弱环节的试验结果进行对比,以评估这些薄弱环节的引发效能.研究表明:外倒角、内倒角、花冠型和端部开缝薄弱环节都能有效改善复合材料圆管的耐撞性能;内倒角与外倒角薄弱环节具有相同的引发效能;花冠型和端部开缝薄弱环节的引发效能均优于外倒角薄弱环节.由于端部开缝薄弱环节加工简便,故它具有更好的工程应用前景.