高压压气机叶栅的高速模型和低速模型的相似变换准则

本文以相似理论为基础,从线性小扰动方程、跨音小扰动方程和全扰动势方程出发,推导出一组在进口马赫数不同时,保持两组叶栅气动力相似的变换准则。变换涉及跨音与亚音,跨音和不可压,亚音与不可压及其全扰动的情形。应用二维和准三维无粘数值计算方法进行数值验证,证明了变换关系在无粘下的正确性。文中使用了局部线化概念和一些假设,其合理性一并由数值试验得到证实。本文在理论和数值试验上为压气机叶栅的高速模型和低速模型之间的相似变换提供了必要的基础。      

正交各向异性材料、异型孔气冷叶片三维弹性应力分析

本文介绍了正交各向异性材料、异型孔气冷叶片三维弹性应力分析的计算方法, 并给出了一个真实的气冷涡轮叶片的计算结果及分析。为了适应气冷涡轮叶片内型孔复杂, 材料为定向凝固结晶和内外壁温度差比较大的特点, 文中采用分段线性和非线性的假设划分单元, 形成几何模型和力学模型, 采用坐标变换法建立单元的弹性矩阵, 并且采用分段线性插值法考虑温度对材料特性的影响。本文对方法和程序的正确性进行了验证, 而且将这种方法和程序应用到工程设计中。实践证明, 方法和程序可靠, 精度满足工程上的要求。      

Optimal speckle reduction in polarimetric SAR imagery

Speckle is a major cause of degradation in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. With the availability of fully polarimetric SAR data, it is possible to use the three complex elements (HH, HV, VV) of the polarimetric scattering matrix to reduce speckle. The optimal method for combining the elements of the scattering matrix to minimize image speckle is derived, and the solution is shown to be a polarimetric whitening filter (PWF). A simulation of spatially correlated, K-distributed, fully polarimetric clutter is then used to compare the PWF with other, suboptimal speckle-reduction methods. Target detection performance of the PWF, span, and single-channel |HH|² detectors is compared with that of the optimal polarimetric detector (OPD). A novel, constant-false-alarm-rate (CFAR) detector (the adaptive PWF) is as a simple alternative to the OPD for detecting targets in clutter. This algorithm estimates the polarization covariance of the clutter, uses the covariance to construct the minimum-speckle image, and then tests for the presence of a target. An exact theoretical analysis of the adaptive PWF is presented; the algorithm is shown to have detection performance comparable with that of the OPD     

Cascaded detector for multiple high-PRF pulse Doppler radars

A postdetection design methodology for a multiple high-pulse-repetition frequency (PRF) pulse Doppler radar has been developed. The postdetection processor consists of an M out of N detector where range and target ambiguities are resolved, followed by a square-law detector which enhances the minimum signal-to-noise (S/N) power-ratio per pulse burst performance. For given probabilities of false alarm and detection, formulas are derived from which the three thresholds associated with the cascaded detector can be found. Fundamental tradeoffs between the minimum S/N required, number of ghosts, and the number of operations (NOPs) that the cascaded detector must perform are identified. It is shown that the NOPs and the number of ghosts increase and the minimum S/N required decreases as the binary M out of N detector passes more detections to the square-law detector     

应用局部应力应变法预测机匣疲劳寿命

本文在用有限元对带孔圆筒机匣进行了弹塑性分析的基础上,设计了带孔薄板等效模拟试件,试图作为取代圆筒机匣低循环疲劳寿命预测和试验的等效模拟构件,为此对带孔圆筒机匣与带孔薄板等效模拟试件同时进行了低循环疲劳寿命预测和试验,取得了满意的结果。通过对上述结果分析对比,找出了设计真实构件的等效模拟试件准则,为今后复杂构件的低循环疲劳寿命预测,设计等效模拟试件提供了依据。      

平板边界层转捩的数值模拟

对于自由湍流引起的压力梯度为零的平板边界层转捩过程的数值模拟,本文提出了一个单方程湍流模型 (VL M模型),对湍流粘性系数和湍流长度尺度都进行了修正以正确引入低雷诺数效应。数值计算表明,该模型在自由来流湍流度为 0.03～8%的大范围内能正确模拟边界层转捩全过程,包括转捩区起点位置和转捩区长度、边界层内的平均及脉动参数分布等。本文还提出了上述转捩过程的时均化五阶段模型。      

供气管孔流量系数的实验和计算研究

由于供气管外气流速度较低,流过冲击孔的气流主要受管内气流轴向流动的影响。因此本实验仅研究管内有横向流动时单孔的流量系数和多孔管内轴向静压分布。      

飞机风挡透明件的鸟撞分析

 本文研究了风挡透明件鸟撞动力响应的分析模型和方法。考虑了撞击载荷与风挡透明件动力响应的耦合作用和非线性效应。为了能方便地使用现有的非线性有限元分析程序并避免数值解的振荡现象,在研究中不采用常用的拉格朗日法和罚函数法,而是采用动量平衡法。同时,为了避免不断调整撞击接触点和修改网格,本文采用超弹性的橡皮材料来模拟鸟体,而不是象国外那样采用流体柱。研究和比较了衍生动载荷响应解,并提出相应的看法。