Probing the era of galaxy formation via TeV gamma ray absorption by the near infrared extragalactic background

We present models of the extragalactic background light (EBL) based on several scenarios of galaxy formation and evolution. We have treated galaxy formation with the Press-Schecter approximation for both cold dark matter (CDM) and cold+hot dark matter (CHDM) models, representing a moderate (z _f 3) and a late (z _f 1) era of galaxy formation respectively. Galaxy evolution has been treated by considering a variety of stellar types, different initial mass functions and star formation histories, and with an accounting of dust absorption and emission. We find that the dominant factor influencing the EBL is the epoch of galaxy formation. A recently proposed method for observing the EBL utilizing the absorption of 0.1 to 10 TeV gamma-rays from active galactic nuclei (AGN) is shown to be capable of discriminating between different galaxy formation epochs. The one AGN viewed in TeV light, Mrk 421, does show some evidence for a cutoff above 3 TeV; based on the EBL models presented here, we suggest that this is due to extinction in the source. The large absorption predicted at energies > 200 GeV for sources at z > 0.5 indicates that observations of TeV gamma-ray bursts (GRB) would constrain or eliminate models in which the GRB sources lie at cosmological distances.Now at University of Chicago, Dept. of Astronomy & Astrophysics.     

低采样率下对高频信号的识别方法

一、问题的提出 对于航空涡喷发动机等旋转机械,其叶片振动信号的提取已由接触式发展到非接触式。转子每转一周,每个叶片经过探头位置一次,产生一次采样。所以探头对单个叶片信号的平均采样率等于转子的运转速率。而根据采样定理,截止频率(Nyguist频率)f_c为采样频率f_s的一半(f_c=f_s/2)。     

Discrete-time observability and estimability analysis for bearings-only target motion analysis

Observability in the context of bearings-only tracking (BOT) is still the subject of important literature. Different from previous approaches, where continuous-time analysis was considered, our approach relies on discrete-time analysis. It is then shown that this allows us to use directly and efficiently the simple formalisms of linear algebra. Using the direct approach, observability analysis is essentially reduced to basic considerations about subspace dimensions. Even if this approach is conceptually quite direct, it becomes more and more complex as the source-encounter scenario complexity increases. For complex scenarios, the dual approach may present some advantages essentially due to the direct use of multilinear algebra. New results about BOT observability for maneuvering sources are thus obtained. Observability analysis is then extended to unknown instants of source velocity changes. Even if observability analysis provides thorough insights about the algebraic structure of the BOT problem, the optimization of the observer maneuvers is essentially a control problem. Basic algebraic considerations prove that a relevant cost functional for this control problem is the determinant of the Fisher information matrix (FIM). So, a large part of this work is devoted to the analysis of this cost functional. Using multilinear algebra, general approximations of this functional are given. In order to involve only directly estimable parameters, the source bearing-rates are examined. Using these approximations, a general framework for optimizing the observer trajectory is derived which allow us to approximate the optimal sequence of controls. It is worth stressing that our approach does not require the knowledge of the source trajectory parameters and is still valid for a maneuvering source.     

激波与旋涡对干扰研究:激波动力学特性及声波产生机理

采用五阶WENO格式,通过数值求解二维非定常Navier-Stokes方程,系统模拟了激波与旋涡对的干扰过程.我们研究了强度为1.05和1.2两个典型的激波同不同强度的旋涡对的干扰过程.根据激波动力学特性,我们把激波与掠过型旋涡对干扰分成四类,而碰撞型干扰分成七种不同的类型.研究表明,激波与旋涡对干扰过程中,声波产生有三种机制,激波与涡对的干扰,涡对之间的耦合以及激波与声波的干扰.     

导流板加涡流器对进气道性能影响

进气道进口导流板(简称导流板)已在航空上得到应用。文献对其机理作了实验研究,表明导流板可有效地改善进气道在大攻角下的出口流场品质,但在小攻角时却使进气道的性能有所下降。为弥补此缺陷,可再采取一定的措施,如安装金属涡流器,改善小攻角下的性能,就对导流板技术的应用增添了价值。     

Phase Space Density Analysis of Energy Transport in the Earth’s Magnetotail

Two energetic events in the Earth’s magnetotail detected by Geotail are examined with detailed analysis of three-dimensional velocity phase space density. It is found that the occurrence of multiple ion components is high during these dynamic episodes. Different populations evolve independently of each other, suggesting particles from multiple activity sites contributing to the observed phase space density. The transport properties with consideration of multiple components are evaluated, with the result showing significant differences from those based on a single fluid approach. This comparison indicates that precise evaluation of the energy and magnetic flux transport of energetic events in the magnetotail requires resolving individual populations in the phase space density.     

气动弹性剪裁中的设计变量和约束导数

1.前言 设计变量的取法和约束导数的计算,不但影响气动弹性剪裁的结果,而且决定着它的工作量。本文对于两种不同的设计变量取法进行了讨论。在约束导数计算方面,通过一个盒段模型和一个三角翼模型的计算,进行了对比。     

天地往返运输系统空气喷气组合式发动机方案探讨

本文初步探讨了用作天地往返运输系统推进装置的组合发动机,估算了其性能、尺寸、重量以及使用这些发动机时的运载能力。     

流量定位喷注器的静态与瞬态特性

本文分析了流量定位喷注器的工作原理及静态与瞬态特性,给出了实现等压降工作特性的基本准则.     

帽形件超塑性胀形的最佳压力-时间曲线与最小厚度的计算方法

 根据超塑性力学的基本方程和帽形件的变形模式,导出了帽形件超塑性气胀成形的最佳压力-时间曲线方程和最小厚度的理论计算公式,并举出数字实例加以分析。