正交加劲整体壁板稳定性分析

本文采用部分正交升阶谱板、梁组合元素分析正交加劲整体壁板的稳定性。给出受压屈曲时结构主要工程参数对局部屈曲、整体屈曲和混合屈曲的影响以及三种屈曲模态的相互关系。     

纤维增强铝合金层板的发展与应用

 本文介绍了最新研制的一种新型结构材料——纤维增强铝合金层板,该层板已引起许多西方飞机制造厂的注意。该材料兼取了复合材料和铝合金的优点,克服了各自的一些缺点。最引人注目的性能是它所具有的极好的抗疲劳和损伤性能。通过改变材料的组成和工艺过程,可以得到不同性能,满足某些特殊的用途。本文介绍两种典型的材料构型——芳纶纤维增强铝合金层板(ARALL)和R-玻璃纤维增强铝合金层板(GLARE)的研究过程、材料组成、性能和应用。最后讨论了今后研究所需要解决的问题。     

一种新型机载对地观测用三轴稳定平台陀螺安装方式

陀螺安装方式及相应的算法编排是稳定平台设计中的一项关键技术。针对机载对地观测用三轴稳定平台特点,提出了将方位陀螺安装在方位环上,俯仰陀螺和横滚陀螺安装在俯仰环上的陀螺安装方式。利用空间矢量分解理论分析了陀螺输出角速度信号的投影关系及电机控制信号的分配;基于稳定平台系统模型,对理想正交情况和考虑陀螺安装误差情况进行了仿真分析,验证了此种安装方式的可行性和优越性。分析表明,在同等条件下,所提出的安装方式减小了稳定平台的机械尺寸,降低了稳定平台的重量和功耗,实现了三维角速度的正交测量,简化了三轴解耦控制算法。研究结论可为其他三轴稳定平台结构设计和陀螺安装方式设计提供参考。     

粘弹性阻尼结构的动特性分析

本文研究了粘弹性阻尼结构动力特性的分析方法。根据分数导数模型表示的粘弹性材料本构方程,对一种阻尼材料用拟合法构造了它的力学性能解析表达式。建立了一种八自由度夹层梁有限元模型,从而给出了粘弹性阻尼结构的有限元动力学方程。为分析粘弹性阻尼结构的动力特性,提出了一种非线性特征值问题的迭代解法。应用上述方法对悬臂约束阻尼层梁的复模态参数进行了分析,并进行了实验验证。结果表明,分析与实验的结果一致,说明本文所提出的方法是可靠的且有较好的精度和实用性。     

Review of basic medical results of the Salyut-7--Soyuz-T 8-month manned flight.

This paper presents the results of medical investigations performed in the Salyut-7 8-month mission in which a professional physician took part. The paper contains anthropometric measurements, results of investigating the vestibular function, cardiovascular function at rest and in response to multi-step tests (with emphasis on echocardiographic measurements), metabolic parameters and hormonal status. It also discusses medical aspects of the extravehicular activity. The medical investigations, although some new methods were applied, provided the continuity of methodical approaches and data accumulated in previous missions.     

孔间距和前倾角对进出口扩张形气膜孔流量系数的影响(英文)

Discharge coefficients of 3-in-1 hole of three inclination angles and three spacing between holes are presented which described the discharge behavior of a row of holes. The inlet and outlet of the 3-in-1 hole both have a 15° lateral expansion. The flow conditions considered are mainstream turbulence intensities and density ratios of secondary flow to mainstream. The momentum flux ratios varied in the range from 1 to 4. The comparison is made of the discharge coefficients of three shaped holes to find an optimal hole with low flow loss. The results show that the discharge coefficients of 3-in- 1 hole are highest in three shaped holes and therefore this article is focused on the measurements of discharge coefficients of 3-in-1 hole for various geometries and aerodynamic parameters. The measured results of 3-in-1 hole indicate that turbulence intensities, density ratios and momentum flux ratios have weak influence on discharge coefficients for inclination angle of 20°. The high turbulence intensity yields the small discharge coefficients for inclination angle of 45° and 90°. The increased both momentum flux ratios and density ratios lead to the increased discharge coefficients for inclination angle of 45° and 90°. The increased inclination angle causes the rapidly increased discharge coefficients. There is a weak dependence of discharge coefficients on hole pitches.     

昆虫翅悬停飞行中的三维空间旋涡结构

昆虫(果蝇)悬停飞行中,翅膀按照特定的拍动方式往复运动,产生非定常高升力维持身体的平衡.研究昆虫高升力机理,需要探索拍动翼运动引发的三维空间非定常流场的特性,尤其是三维空间非定常涡的发展变化过程.本文将氢气泡流动显示技术应用于动态模型实验,定性的观察拍动翼前缘涡(LEV)的发展破裂过程.并利用数字体视粒子图像测速,DSPIV(Digital Steroscopic Particle Image Velocimetry)技术,测得了拍动翼运动瞬时相位和相位平均的三维空间流场信息(速度向量场、截面涡量场、空间涡量场,以及三维空间流线),揭示了拍动翼展向流动的存在,并结合定性和定量方法多角度说明了前缘涡沿展向发展到破裂的流动结构,并说明了侧缘涡与前缘涡的相互影响.测量结果表明:在雷诺数960的情况下,拍动翼运动至相位时,翼面上前缘涡在距翼根约60%展长的位置发生破裂;翼根至破裂点之间,展向流动稳定,指向翼梢;破裂点以后,展向流改变方向,指向翼根.     

矩形断面非线性驰振自激力测量及间接验证中若干重要问题的讨论

采用专门研制的小型动态测力天平,通过弹簧悬挂节段模型内置天平同步测力测振风洞试验,对3:2矩形断面的非线性驰振自激力进行了测量。比较了基于实测自激力重构的节段模型位移响应时程与试验结果,从而对自激力测量精度进行了间接的验证;讨论了在进行这种验证时考虑节段模型系统等效阻尼和刚度参数非线性特性的重要性、非风致附加自激力和风致自激力在动态力中的占比、忽略非风致附加气动阻尼力和惯性力的非线性特性对自激力测量精度的影响等若干重要问题。结果显示：对于3:2矩形断面,非风致附加自激力在测得的总动态力中的占比超过了风致自激力的占比,因此从测得的总动态力中提取自激力时必须扣除非风致附加自激力;非风致附加气动阻尼力和惯性力的非线性对驰振自激力测量精度有一定影响,值得考虑;节段模型系统等效阻尼和刚度参数的非线性对节段模型驰振位移响应的重构精度有明显影响,在验证自激力测量精度时必须加以考虑。

     

Differential-game-based guidance law using target orientation observations

Modern 4th generation air-to-air missiles are quite capable of dealing with today's battlefield needs. Advanced aerodynamics, highly efficient warheads and smart target acquisition systems combine to yield higher missile lethality than ever. However, in order to intercept highly maneuverable targets, such as future unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAV), or to achieve higher tracking precision for missiles equipped with smaller warheads, further improvement in the missile guidance system is still needed. A new concept is presented here for deriving improved differential-game-based guidance laws that make use of information about the target orientation, which is acquired via an imaging seeker. The underlying idea is that of using measurements of the target attitude as a leading indicator of target acceleration. Knowledge of target attitude reduces the reachable set of target acceleration, facilitating the computation of an improved estimate of the zero-effort miss (ZEM) distance. In consequence, missile guidance accuracy is significantly improved. The new concept is applied in a horizontal interception scenario, where it is assumed that the target maneuver direction, constituting a partial attitude information, can be extracted via processing target images, acquired by an imaging sensor. The derivation results in a new guidance law that explicitly exploits the direction of the target acceleration. The performance of the new guidance law is studied via a computer simulation, which demonstrates its superiority over existing state-of-the-art differential-game-based guidance laws. It is demonstrated that a significant decrease in the miss distance can be expected via the use of partial target orientation information.