Plasma transport across the heliopause

Existing heliopause models are critically rediscussed under the new aspect of possible plasma mixing between the solar wind and the ambient ionized component of the local interstellar medium (LISM). Based on current kinetic plasma theories, effective diffusion rates across the heliopause are evaluated for several models with turbulence caused by electrostatic or electromagnetic interactions that could be envisaged in this context. Some specific cases that may lead to high diffusion rates are investigated, especially in regard to their LISM magnetic field dependence.For weak fields (less than 10^–7 G), macroscopic hydrodynamic instabilities, such as of Rayleigh-Taylor or Kelvin-Helmholtz-types, can be excited. The resulting plasma mixing rates at the heliopause may amount to 20–30% of the impinging mass flow.Recently, an unconventional new approach to the problem for the case of tangential magnetic fields at the heliopause was published in which a continuous change of the plasma properties within an extended boundary layer is described by a complete set of two-fluid plasma equations including a hybrid MHD-formulation of wave-particle interaction effects. If a neutral sheet is assumed to exist within the boundary layer, the magnetic field direction is proven to be constant for a plane-parallel geometry. Considering the electric fields and currents in the layer, an interesting relationship between the field-reconnection probability and the electric conductivity can be derived, permitting a quantitative determination of either of these quantities.An actual value for the electrical conductivity is derived here on the basis of electron distribution functions given by a superposition of Maxwellians with different temperatures. Using two-stream instability theory and retaining only the most unstable modes, an exact solution for the density, velocity, and magnetic and electric fields can be obtained. The electrical conductivity is then shown to be six orders of magnitude lower than calculated by conventional formulas. Interestingly, this leads to an acceptable value of 0.1 for the reconnection coefficient.By analogy with the case of planetary magnetopauses, it is shown here for LISM magnetic fields of the order of 10^–6 G or larger that field reconnection processes may also play an important role for the plasma mixing at the heliopause. The resulting plasma mixing rate is estimated to amount to an average value of 10% of the incident mass flow. It is suggested here that the dependence of the cosmic-ray penetration into the heliosphere on the distribution of reconnecting areas at the heliopause may provide a means of deriving the strength and orientation of the LISM field.A series of observational implications for the expected plasma mixing at the heliopause is discussed in the last part of the paper. In particular, consequences are discussed for the generation of radio noise at the heliopause, for the penetration of LISM neutrals into the heliosphere, for the propagation of cosmic rays towards the inner part of the solar system and for convective electric field mergings into the heliosphere during the course of the solar cycle, depending on the solar cycle variations. With concern to a recent detection of electrostatic plasma waves by plasma receivers on Voyagers 1 and 2, we come to an interesting alternate explanation: the heliopause, rather than the heliospheric shock front, could be responsible for the generation of these waves.     

Composite Bound on Arrival Time Estimation Errors

Time of arrival (TOA) estimation of narrowband signals is a problem of considerable practical interest in radar and sonar applications. A new technique is presented to analyze the mean square error (MSE) performance of TOA estimation schemes, based on recently developed lower bound. We obtain a complete characterization of the MSE as a function of the signal and noise parameters. The results are given in a simple closed-form analytical expression.     

JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE POWER Published quarterly by The Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics

The Journal of Aerospace Power is a leading publication of its kind in China devoted to the advancement of the science and technology of aerospace power.It provides a common medium through which academic and industrial researchers and designers can communicate results, review progress and identify requirements for further work in this increasingly significant field.      

进口为均匀剪切流的二元亚音扩压器

本文在主流为均匀流的二元亚音扩压器流动计算方法的基础上,发展了一种进口为均匀剪切流的二元亚音扩压器流动特性计算方法。为验证本方法,计算了三种实例,并和试验测定结果进行了比较,二者符合情况良好。     

扩压器分离流场控制的研究

 本文研究中采用加置局部柱形扰源的方法,改变流场中的时均速度分布和紊流度分布,从而达到抑制分离,改善扩压器出口流场的目的。研究表明,局部柱形扰源可明显地延迟流场分离的形成,其主要机理在于近壁部分时均气流动量的变化。文中也介绍了紊流场的测定结果,并对附着流和分离流情况以及有无扰源条件下的紊流分布进行了分析讨论。     

一种具有自适应能力的结构综合方法

 从工程应用的可靠性出发,本文提出一种具有自适应能力的结构综合方法(简称ASSM算法)及保证其实施的一系列技术途径,通过各种典型算例的考核计算,表明ASSM算法具有很高的计算效率及良好的适应能力,即使对于较复杂的算例,也仅需5～6次结构分析即可达到或接近优化设计,显示了自适应方法的优势。     

固液相变问题的边界元法数值解

相变问题的数值计算方法有多种,本文用边界元法解应用工程中常见的相变导热问题。     

液体火箭发动机静态仿真通用模块化方法

提出了一种新的液体火箭发动机静态仿真模块化计算方法。该方法按照预定的计算顺序,对发动机系统的各个模块进行迭代计算,并采用拟牛顿法求解系统可调变量。该方法对各种发动机静态仿真具有通用性,可用于分析发动机系统内外干扰因素对发动机性能的影响、发动机静态故障仿真或发动机调整计算。该方法能较大地减少系统未知量数目,求解速度快,精度高。该方法已在计算机上采用面向对象程序设计实现,本文给出了用该程序对某液体火箭发动机进行静态特性计算的结果。     

湿热对单向复合材料层合板Ⅱ型分层特性的影响

利用横向裂纹拉伸试验模型（Transverse Crack Tension-tension Test）,在3种湿热环境（室温、85℃和85℃/95%RH）条件下,对2种单向碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料（T300/QY8911和HTA/6376）层合板的Ⅱ型分层特性进行了试验研究。结果表明湿热环境导致复合材料层间断裂韧性降低,引起Ⅱ型应变能释放率门槛值显着下降,裂纹扩展速率大大提高,温度的影响较湿度更为明显。利用电镜（SEM）对试样分层表面进行了检测,湿度对断面特征无明显的影响。     

阵列高分辨方位估计方法统计性能分析

在简要回顾近年来阵列高分辨定向技术发展的基础上,从算法机理出发,对目前出现的各种高分辨定向算法进行合理分类。重点对一批典型算法的多目标定向性能进行统计分析,并利用统一的仿真模型对它们的估计精度和分辨能力进行比较,结论为：MUSIC,Mini-Norm两种方法的实用性较强,而WSF,IMP,TLS-ESPRIT等方法具有较高的理论研究价值,有待进一步开拓其实用性。