蜻蜓翼三维流动结构的演变

为了与蜻蜓前后翼流动干扰的流动结构作比较,首先研究了悬停飞行状态下单个蜻蜓翼周围的三维流动结构,利用一套机电拍动翼运动模拟机构模拟了一个蜻蜓翼的拍动,使用数字体视粒子图像测速技术(DSPIV,Digital Stereo Particle Image Velocimetry)和多切面锁相技术分别测量了两个下拍拍动相位时刻(t=0.25T,0.375T)和两个上拍拍动相位时刻(t=0.75T,0.875T)蜻蜓翼周围的瞬时空间三维流场,运用局部涡识别准则中的λ_ci准则来识别和显示了流场中的三维涡结构,还展示了蜻蜓翼各个展向测量截面中的|ω_z|等值线、蜻蜓翼前缘涡的涡核线相对于蜻蜓翼上翼面的空间位置以及前缘涡在各个展向测量截面中的截面环量等.实验结果揭示了蜻蜓翼周围的三维流动结构在蜻蜓翼拍动时的演变历程.     

一种多级火箭飞行方案设计的工程方法

提出了一种进行单级和多级火箭飞行方案设计的一般方法。这是一种基于微积分变分原理的工程方法。其目的是根据给定导弹的攻角方案设计其俯仰角方案。最大攻角的优化根据给定的初始设计值采用正交法进行。该方法可以快速地进行多级火箭的飞行方案设计。     

一种改进的宽带数字多波束形成技术

宽带数字多波束形成技术能够获得较高的空间增益和空域分辨率,是现代电子侦察领域的重要研究方向.但是宽带波束形成技术的实现存在信号处理复杂度高、系统功耗大的问题,给电子侦察系统的设计和应用提出了较大的考验.提出了一种通过频域方式实现时域宽带数字波束形成器的方案,能够在宽带、多波束的应用场景中有效降低系统的实现复杂度和功耗.     

空间碎片超高速碰撞数值分析

采用光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)方法对空间碎片超高速碰撞问题作了模拟分析,给出了靶孔直径和碎片云宽度随碰撞速度的变化、累积碎片分布、碎片云无量纲向前总动量随膨胀距离的变化、碎片云前端速度的变化规律以及碎片云速度矢量等。     

空间碎片撞击在轨感知技术研究综述

随着航天发射活动的日益频繁,空间碎片环境随之恶化。为了应对空间碎片的撞击威胁,人们提出了用空间碎片撞击在轨感知系统实时监测航天器在轨遭受空间碎片撞击的情况。文章在对国内外相关研究机构研究成果的调研基础上,介绍了国内外在空间碎片撞击在轨感知技术领域的研究现状,对各国基于超高速撞击声发射技术的空间碎片撞击在轨感知技术的发展状况进行了全面评述,重点介绍了国内的研究进展。最后基于国内航天事业需要,探讨了未来发展方向。     

飞机环境振动状态-时间谱的编制与应用

 飞机环境振动状态-时间谱是飞机的一种重要的统计参数。它是运用状态归纳法进行环境振动数据归纳所必不可少的先知条件。本文提出了飞机环境振动状态-时间谱的一个编制方法。该法建立在大量飞行统计数据的基础上,并全面考虑了空中飞行和地面试车两种情况。由此编制出来的飞机环境振动状态-时间谱能较真实地反映飞机实际使用的情况。这个编制方法已用于工程实践中。     

Origin of coronal and interplanetary shock and particle acceleration of a flare/CME event

By using radio data from ground-based telescopes (from 270 MHz to 25 MHz), and from the Radio and Plasma Wave experiment (WAVES) on board the WIND spacecraft (1–14 MHz and several kHz-11 MHz), as well as FY -2 satellite data, the origin of coronal and interplanetary shock and particle acceleration of the 14 July 2000 flare/CME event (the Bastille day event) have been studied. Main conclusions are as follows: (1) We investigate the causal relationship between metric type 11 bursts observed by the digital IZMIRAN radio spectrograph and type II radio emissions in the frequency range from 1–14 MHz and several kHz-11 MHz observed by the WAVES/WIND. The analysis indicate that the fast CME is the origin of both coronal and interplanetary shocks. (2)According to the time profiles of Hard X-ray, and energetic particles (include proton, ³He, and ⁴He) from FY-2 satellite, it is obvious that the Bastille day event is the event, in which both impulsive and gradual phenomena occur. The energetic particles accelerated not only in flare but also in CME.     

Differentiation of cartilaginous anlagen in entire embryonic mouse limbs cultured in a rotating bioreactor.

Mechanisms involved in development of the embryonic limb have remained the same throughout eons of genetic and environmental evolution under Earth gravity (1 g). During the spaceflight era it has been of interest to explore the ancient theory that form of the skeleton develops in response to gravity, and that changes in gravitational forces can change the developmental pattern of the limb. This has been shown in vivo and in vitro, allowing the hypergravity of centrifugation and microgravity of space to be used as tools to increase our knowledge of limb development. In recapitulations of spaceflight experiments, premetatarsals were cultured in suspension in a bioreactor, and found to be shorter and less differentiated than those cultured in standard culture dishes. This study only measured length of the metatarsals, and did not account for possible changes due to the skeletal elements having a more in vivo 3D shape while in suspension vs. flattened tissues compressed by their own weight. A culture system with an outcome closer to in vivo and that supports growth of younger limb buds than traditional systems will allow studies of early Hox gene expression, and contribute to the understanding of very early stages of development. The purpose of the current experiment was to determine if entire limb buds could be cultured in the bioreactor, and to compare the growth and differentiation with that of culturing in a culture dish system. Fore and hind limbs from E11-E13 ICR mouse embryos were cultured for six days, either in the bioreactor or in center-well organ culture dishes, fixed, and embedded for histology. E13 specimens grown in culture dishes were flat, while bioreactor culture specimens had a more in vivo-like 3D limb shape. Sections showed excellent cartilage differentiation in both culture systems, with more cell maturation, and hypertrophy in the specimens cultured in the bioreactor. Younger limb buds fused together during culture, so an additional set of E11.5 limb buds was cultured with and without encapsulation in alginate prior to culturing in the bioreactor. Encapsulated limbs grown in the bioreactor did not fuse together, but developed only the more proximal elements while limbs grown in culture dishes formed proximal and distal elements. Alginate encapsulation may have reduced oxygenation to the progress zone of the developing limb bud resulting in lack of development of the more distal elements. These results show that the bioreactor supports growth and differentiation of skeletal elements in entire E13 limb buds, and that a method to culture younger limb buds without fusing together needs to be developed if any morphometric analysis is to be performed.