Effect of hyperhydration on bone mineralization in physically healthy subjects after prolonged restriction of motor activity

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of a daily intake of fluid and salt supplementation (FSS) on bone mineralization in physically healthy male volunteers after exposure to hypokinesia (decreased number of steps taken/day) over a period of 364 days. The studies were performed after exposure to 364 days of hypokinesia (HK) on 18 physically healthy male volunteers who had an average VO2max of 65 ml/kg/min and were aged between 19 and 24 years. For the simulation of the hypokinetic effect the volunteers were kept under an average of 1000 steps/day. The subjects were divided into three equal groups of 6: 6 underwent a normal ambulatory life (control group), 6 were placed under HK (hypokinetic group) and the remaining 6 were subjected to HK and consumed a daily FSS (water 26 ml/kg body wt and NaCl 0.10 mg/kg body wt) (hyperhydrated group). The density of the ulnar, radius, tibia, fibular, lumbar vertebrae and calcenous was measured. Calcium and phosphorus changes, plasma volume, blood pressure and body weight were determined. Calcium content in the examined skeletal bones decreased more in the hypokinetic subjects than in the hyperhydrated subjects. Urinary calcium and phosphorus losses were more pronounced in hypokinetic than hyperhydrated subjects. Plasma volume and body weight increased in hyperhydrated subjects, while it decreased in hypokinetic subjects. It was concluded that a daily intake of FSS may be used to neutralize bone demineralization in physically healthy subjects during prolonged restriction of motor activity.     

3GPP中TFCI编译码研究

在3GPP（第三代合作项目）协议中,为了提高传输格式组合指示（TFCI）的可靠性,对其采取了基于Reed-Muller码的超码编码。与经典RM编码相比,不但增加了码距,提高了纠错能力,而且可以利用快速哈达玛变换（FHT）提高译码速度。文章对协议中的编译码算法进行了研究,并对其纠错能力进行了仿真。     

Outline of 500kg-class small satellite system study

On 1992 we started the study of 500kg-class satellite mainly for technology demonstration mission which contributes to mitigate the project risk. It goes without saying that this class of satellite is characterized by low cost and fast turn-around-time, but are different from the same class satellites which we'd developed in the '80s.

In this paper, we present the outline of this class of satellites, and focusing to Space Environments and Effects Observation Satellite(SEES) under pre-phase A. A lot of failures which have happened on orbit are caused by space environments. So it is necessary to understand in detail the behavior, and to develop technology to endure them.     

一箭多星发射卫星空间距离测量与预报技术

多星空间距离测量是一箭多星发射的一项重要任务。由于站点分布限制和轨道条件约束,国内多数卫星存在地面不可监测弧段,传统的地基测定轨方法无法满足全弧段连续性要求。针对上述问题,对星间距离测量技术进行了研究,提出了利用GPS进行星间距离测量的方法;并提出利用基于GPS数据的简化动力学模型法及多项式拟合法进行星间距离测量和预报,结果显示,预报10min的位置精度为数十米量级。该方法突破了地基测控可见区的限制,实现了全弧段的轨道确定,并规避了GPS接收机可能存在的短时中断或由于通信原因不能实时获得测量结果的风险;可为分析确定多颗卫星间的安全距离提供参考。     

Pulse detonation engines: Technical approaches

The paper contains analysis of the problems preventing from wide use of pulse detonation engines (PDE), and provides suggestions to overcome those problems. In particular, the results of theoretical investigations of basic operating cycle in PDE—deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) processes in combustible gaseous mixtures and transmission of detonation into large chambers—are presented. The paper investigates the effect of implosion shock waves on the onset of detonation in gases, and suggests the scheme of detonation transmission from a narrow gap into a wide chamber, which makes it possible to reduce the predetonation length thus shortening the necessary length of the engine.     

空间碎片超高速碰撞数值分析

采用光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)方法对空间碎片超高速碰撞问题作了模拟分析,给出了靶孔直径和碎片云宽度随碰撞速度的变化、累积碎片分布、碎片云无量纲向前总动量随膨胀距离的变化、碎片云前端速度的变化规律以及碎片云速度矢量等。     

空间碎片撞击在轨感知技术研究综述

随着航天发射活动的日益频繁,空间碎片环境随之恶化。为了应对空间碎片的撞击威胁,人们提出了用空间碎片撞击在轨感知系统实时监测航天器在轨遭受空间碎片撞击的情况。文章在对国内外相关研究机构研究成果的调研基础上,介绍了国内外在空间碎片撞击在轨感知技术领域的研究现状,对各国基于超高速撞击声发射技术的空间碎片撞击在轨感知技术的发展状况进行了全面评述,重点介绍了国内的研究进展。最后基于国内航天事业需要,探讨了未来发展方向。     

二维边坡通用可靠性分析(英文)

通常应用可靠指标法分析二维边坡可靠性时,需要根据不同的条分法,按照不同的思路构造相应的功能函数进行分析,因而使得边坡可靠性的计算结果受到人为因素的影响。此外,该方法分析和推导的工作量相当大,迄今为止,只适合于垂直条分法。本文研究了以二维边坡稳定分析的Ｓａｒｍａ方法。Ｓａｒｍａ提出用一种虚拟的水平加速度来度量边坡的稳定性。本文导出了适合几种常用条分法的Ｓａｒｍａ加速度的一般表达式。根据Ｓａｒｍａ加速度的特点,可将其作为功能函数,由此得到的二维边坡可靠性分析方法具有通用性,并且适合于任何形式的条块划分。这样,可以方便地比较采用不同的条分法时对边坡可靠性的影响。本文在四种常用的条分法下计算了一个简单的算例。边坡材料的粘性系数和摩擦角被假定为随机变量。令每一随机变量的变异系数单独变化时,计算边坡的可靠性指标。结果表明,本文方法能很好地反映不同条分法之间的内在关系。通过改变边坡的条块形状,可以发现,本文的可靠性分析与以往基于Ｓａｒｍａ法的稳定性分析结果之间存在一致性。     

顺拉法的最大拉直力

按照相对地球的惯性坐标系，根据动能定理，首先推导得出了回收物为“有限质量”情况下的拉直力计算公式，而后又根据回收物为“无限质量”的假设，得出了与文（１），（２）相同的拉直力计算公式。在推导中，文（３）方程中一项∫＾ＬｍａｘＬｓＰｄＬ修正为∫＾ｘｍａｘⅡ０Ｐｄｘ。     

中介模态逻辑MS4的表推演系统

中介逻辑是一个新的逻辑系统，该系统的创立有明显的哲学背景，自创立后得到了很大的发展。在数理逻辑以及计算机科学领域已发展了中介模态逻辑以及ＭＩＬＬ等中介程序计设 语言，但对作为程序计设语言之逻辑基础之一的中介模态逻辑的自动推理理论与实现的研究还很不够。本文系统地讨论中介模态逻辑ＭＳ４的自动定理证明理论，构造了中介模态逻辑ＭＳ４的表推演系统，由于该系统采用“与或树”的表达方法，因而不产生“遗忘问题”；