画幅式层析成像光谱系统设计和实验研究

文章介绍一种无需时间或空间扫描的新型成像光谱仪—利用位相光栅作为分束器件的计算层析成像光谱仪 (CTIS)。重点介绍了各个系统的设计原则和位相光栅的设计 ,并给出了光栅的设计结果。详细介绍系统矩阵的实验定标方法和过程。叙述了自然光照明条件下真实物体组成的靶标的光谱成像实验 ,对目标实验采样的数据进行重构处理 ,给出了实验结果。     

最少燃料消耗的固定推力共面轨道变轨研究

本文研究了推力固定条件下，从圆轨道进入共面圆轨道一次入轨最节省燃料的推力方向控制策略。这类问题都可归结为两点边值问题，对自由初值的选取作了讨论，并采用打靶法迭代求解。计算了从停泊轨道到同步转移道以及两个过地圆轨道之间的最优转移，获得满意的结果。     

Muscle atrophy associated with microgravity in rat: basic data for countermeasures

Morphological, contractile properties and myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition of rat soleus muscles were studied after 2 weeks of unloading (HS) and after 2 weeks of HS associated with selective deafferentation (HS + DEAF) at the level L4 and L5. The same significant reductions in muscle mass and tetanic tension were found after HS and HS + DEAF. However, the transformation of the slow-twitch soleus muscle towards a faster type characterized by a decrease in twitch time parameters and an increase in fast-twitch type MHC isoforms in HS did not appear in HS + DEAF conditions. Our results also showed that a pattern similar to firing rate of motoneurones innervating slow-twitch muscles inhibited the slow to fast fiber changes observed during HS. Nevertheless, neither the loss of mass or force output in the HS muscles were prevented by electrostimulation. Immobilization in a stretched position during HS maintained the muscle wet weight, mechanical and electrophoretical characteristics close to control values. We concluded that the decrease in mechanical strains imposed on the muscle during unloading was the main factor for the development of atrophy, while the kinetic changes might be predominantly modulated by the nervous command. These basic data suggested that some experimental conditions such as electrostimulation or stretching, could participate in countermeasure programmes.     

Effect of fluid and salt supplements in preventing the development of "osteopenia" in hypokinetic rats

It has been suggested that a daily intake of fluid and salt supplements may be used to prevent bone demineralization in human subjects after prolonged exposure to hypokinesia (diminished muscular activity). Thus, the objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of fluid and salt supplementation in the prevention of development of osteoporosis in 64 Wistar rats with an initial body weight of 339-345 g, after exposure to 90 days of hypokinesia. They divided into 4 equal groups: the first group of rats placed under ordinary vivarium conditions and served as vivarium control; the second group were also placed under ordinary vivarium conditions but received daily fluid and salt supplements; the third group were subjected to pure hypokinesia, i.e. without the use of any preventive measures; and the fourth group were submitted to hypokinesia and received daily fluid and salt supplements. For the simulation of the hypokinetic effect the experimental group of rats were kept in small, individual, wooden cages. Through the experimental period the second and fourth group of rats received 8 ml/100 g body wt water and 5 ml 100 g body wt NaCl daily. By the end of the experimental period the animals were decapitated and the spongy matter of tibia and vertebrae of the rats were examined for changes referable to osteoporosis. It was found that the daily intake of fluid and salt supplements caused an increase in the volume density of primary spongiosa of bones. It was concluded that a daily intake of fluid and salt supplements may be used to prevent the development of osteoporosis in rats subjected to prolonged motor activity restriction.     

人造地球卫星初轨计算的单位矢量法

本文在建立两组单位矢量系统Ｒ＊，Ｓ＊，φ＊和ρ＊，Ａ＊，ｈ＊的基础上，给出了初轨计算的新的条件方程形式以及对不等精度、不同类型的观测资料的加权处理方法，这对充分发挥高精度测距资料ρ和测速资料ρ·的作用十分有利。实测计算表明，本方法基本解决了初轨计算中轨道半长轴不易定准的困难，并具有定轨精度高、适用范围广、稳定性能好等优点，对静止卫星转移轨道入轨段超短弧段测量资料的初轨计算，作用尤为明显。     

基于鲁棒故障检测滤波器的传感器故障诊断

本文讨论了鲁棒故障检测滤波器在喷气式发动机传感器故障诊断中的应用。鲁棒故障检测滤波器方法使残差既有干扰解耦特性又有方向特性。该滤波器的设计结合了未知输入观测器原理与Beard故障检测滤波器原理。利用未知输入观测器产生的残差对未知输入(干扰)具有鲁棒性,而特定方向性是基于BFDF技术获得的。最后举例说明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

液体远地点发动机工作期间卫星姿态的自适应控制

本文将全系数自适应控制方法用于带有液体晃动和挠性太阳帆板的三轴稳定地球同步轨道卫星在远地点发动机工作期间的姿态自适应控制。仿真结果表明,用全系数自适应控制方法设计的控制器,其动态性能好,对参数变化的适应性强,抗干扰能力强,鲁棒性好,性能指标完全满足设计要求。     

基于FPGA的数据接口电路设计

鉴于FPGA设计数字电路的多种优势,针对星上相机输出数据格式和地面采集系统接收数据格式不一致性,改变传统的设计方式,进行了基于FPGA的数据接口电路设计。文章描述了电路设计的基本原理、实现方案、时序仿真,并对电路设计中遇到的关键问题的解决进行了阐述。其中实现方案包括FPGA外围电路硬件设计和FPGA芯片内软件时序设计。     

Precipitating Protons and Their Role in Ionization of the Polar Ionosphere

Spatial distributions of the electron density in the latitude range 60°–90° N were calculated on the basis of a physical model of the E and lower Fregions of the high-latitude ionosphere using statistical models of auroral proton and electron precipitation. It is shown that precipitating protons can play the key role in the ionization of the Eregion in the dusk and midnight sectors of the auroral oval. However, quantitative estimates of the contribution of protons to the ionization depend on the used statistical models of electron precipitation. Comparison of the electron density profiles calculated for two incoherent scatter radars, EISCAT (Tromsö) and ESR (Svalbard), for simultaneous precipitation of electrons and protons and for electron precipitation only show that the influence of protons is the most significant in the dusk sector over the EISCAT radar and in the midnight sector over the ESR radar. The results presented indicate the need to take protons into account when radar data are used to derive precipitating electron spectra.     

提高航天传输型CCD相机地面像元分辨率方法研究

文章首先对空间传输型遥感相机提高像元分辨率的几种常规和非常规方法做了简介,在分析这些方法的优缺点以及以采样定理为依据分析我国现有CCD相机光学截止频率和CCD采样频率存在的矛盾的基础上探讨了高模式采样技术和超模式采样技术,经过比较这两种采样模式,认为超模式采样技术更具有工程可行性和优越性。然后对超模式采样计算机图像仿真结果进行了分析。