全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1056篇 |
免费 | 17篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
航空 | 477篇 |
航天技术 | 467篇 |
综合类 | 15篇 |
航天 | 117篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 5篇 |
2021年 | 12篇 |
2019年 | 7篇 |
2018年 | 9篇 |
2017年 | 4篇 |
2016年 | 10篇 |
2015年 | 5篇 |
2014年 | 22篇 |
2013年 | 21篇 |
2012年 | 31篇 |
2011年 | 43篇 |
2010年 | 28篇 |
2009年 | 49篇 |
2008年 | 95篇 |
2007年 | 26篇 |
2006年 | 28篇 |
2005年 | 45篇 |
2004年 | 36篇 |
2003年 | 30篇 |
2002年 | 25篇 |
2001年 | 50篇 |
2000年 | 19篇 |
1999年 | 35篇 |
1998年 | 36篇 |
1997年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 32篇 |
1995年 | 20篇 |
1994年 | 33篇 |
1993年 | 21篇 |
1992年 | 29篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 14篇 |
1989年 | 31篇 |
1988年 | 13篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 12篇 |
1985年 | 19篇 |
1984年 | 27篇 |
1983年 | 22篇 |
1982年 | 20篇 |
1981年 | 24篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1970年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有1076条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
911.
Track labeling and PHD filter for multitarget tracking 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Lin L. Bar-Shalom Y. Kirubarajan T. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》2006,42(3):778-795
Multiple target tracking requires data association that operates in conjunction with filtering. When multiple targets are closely spaced, the conventional approaches (as, e.g., MHT/assignment) may not give satisfactory results. This is mainly because of the difficulty in deciding what the number of targets is. Recently, the probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter has been proposed and particle filtering techniques have been developed to implement the PHD filter. In the particle PHD filter, the track labeling problem is not considered, i.e., the PHD is obtained only for a frame at a time, and it is very difficult to perform the multipeak extraction, particularly in high clutter environments. A track labeling method combined with the PHD approach, as well as considering the finite resolution, is proposed here for multitarget tracking, i.e., we keep a separate tracker for each target, use the PHD in the resolution cell to get the estimated number and locations of the targets at each time step, and then perform the track labeling ("peak-to-track" association), whose results can provide information for PHD peak extraction at the next time step. Besides, by keeping a separate tracker for each target, our approach provides more information than the standard particle PHD filter. For example, in group target tracking, if we are interested in the motion of a specific target, we can track this target, which is not possible for the standard particle PHD filter, since the standard particle PHD filter does not keep track labels. Using our approach, multitarget tracking can be performed with automatic track initiation, maintenance, spawning, merging, and termination 相似文献
912.
The Neutral Particle Detector (NPD) of the ASPERA-3 experiment (Analyser of Space Plasmas and Energetic Atoms) on board the
Mars Express (MEX) spacecraft observed an intense flux of H ENAs (energetic neutral atoms) with average energy of about 1.5
keV emitted anisotropically from the subsolar region of Mars. The NPD detected the ENA jet near the bow shock at radial distances
of about 1 R
M from the Martian surface as the spacecraft moved outbound, while the NPD continuously pointed towards the subsolar region.
The jet intensity shows oscillative behavior. These intensity variations occur on two clearly distinguishable time scales.
The majority of the identified events have an average oscillation period of about 50 sec. The second group consists of events
with long-scale variations with a time scale of approximately 300 sec. The fast oscillations of the first group exhibit a periodic structure and are detected in every orbit, while the slow variations of the second group are identified in ∼40% of orbits. The intensity of the fast oscillations have a peak-to-valley ratio about 20 to 30% of the peak intensity. One of the possible mechanisms to explain
fast oscillations is the formation of the low frequency ion waves at the subsolar region of Mars. Slow variations may be explained by either temporal variations in the ENA generation source or by a specific structure of the
ENA generation source, in which hair-like ENA subjets can be present. 相似文献
913.
Because of its chemical and radiative properties, atmospheric ozone constitutes a key element of the Earth’s climate system.
Absorption of sunlight by ozone in the ultraviolet wavelength range is responsible for stratospheric heating, and determines
the temperature structure of the middle atmosphere. Changes in middle atmospheric ozone concentrations result in an altered
radiative input to the troposphere and to the Earth’s surface, with implications on the energy balance and the chemical composition
of the lower atmosphere. Although a wide range of ground- and satellite-based measurements of its integrated content and of
its vertical distribution have been performed since several decades, a number of uncertainties still remain as to the response
of middle atmospheric ozone to changes in solar irradiance over decadal time scales. This paper presents an overview of achieved
findings, including a discussion of commonly applied data analysis methods and of their implication for the obtained results.
We suggest that because it does not imply least-squares fitting of prescribed periodic or proxy data functions into the considered
times series, time-domain analysis provides a more reliable method than multiple regression analysis for extracting decadal-scale
signals from observational ozone datasets. Applied to decadal ground-based observations, time-domain analysis indicates an
average middle atmospheric ozone increase of the order of 2% from solar minimum to solar maximum, which is in reasonable agreement
with model results. 相似文献
914.
Y Kobayashi H Watanabe M Kikuchi I Narumi 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2000,25(10):2103-2106
Recovery of bacterial cells from radiation damage and the effects of microgravity were examined in an STS-79 Shuttle/Mir Mission-4 experiment using the extremely radioresistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans. The cells were irradiated with gamma rays before the space flight and incubated on board the Space-Shuttle. The survival of the wild type cells incubated in space increased compared with the ground controls, suggesting that the recovery of this bacterium from radiation damage was enhanced under microgravity. No difference was observed for the survival of radiosensitive mutant rec30 cells whether incubated in space or on the ground. The amount of DNA-repair related RecA protein induced under microgravity was similar to those of ground controls, however, induction of PprA protein, the product of a newly found gene related to the DNA repair mechanism of D. radiodurans, was enhanced under microgravity compared with ground controls. 相似文献
915.
Wang H. Kirubarajan T. Bar-Shalom Y. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1999,35(1):255-266
We present the development and implementation of a multisensor-multitarget tracking algorithm for large scale air traffic surveillance based on interacting multiple model (IMM) state estimation combined with a 2-dimensional assignment for data association. The algorithm can be used to track a large number of targets from measurements obtained with a large number of radars. The use of the algorithm is illustrated on measurements obtained from 5 FAA radars, which are asynchronous, heterogeneous, and geographically distributed over a large area. Both secondary radar data (beacon returns from cooperative targets) as well as primary radar data (skin returns from noncooperative targets) are used. The target IDs from the beacon returns are not used in the data association. The surveillance region includes about 800 targets that exhibit different types of motion. The performance of an IMM estimator with linear motion models is compared with that of the Kalman filter (KF). A number of performance measures that can be used on real data without knowledge of the ground truth are presented for this purpose. It is shown that the IMM estimator performs better than the KF. The advantage of fusing multisensor data is quantified. It is also shown that the computational requirements in the multisensor case are lower than in single sensor case, Finally, an IMM estimator with a nonlinear motion model (coordinated turn) is shown to further improve the performance during the maneuvering periods over the IMM with linear models 相似文献
916.
M Masukawa T Ochiai S Kamigaichi N Ishioka S Uchida Y Kono T Sakimura 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2003,32(8):1541-1546
The National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) has more than 20 years of experience developing aquatic animal experiment facilities. We are now studying the next-generation aquatic animal experiment facility or the Aquatic Habitat (AQH) for both Space Shuttle and International Space Station use. A prototype breeding system was designed and tested. Medaka adult fish were able to mate and spawn in this closed circulatory breeding system, and the larvae grew to adult fish and spawned on the 45th day after hatching. The water quality-control system using nitrifying bacteria worked well throughout the medaka breeding test. For amphibians, we also conducted the African clawed toad (Xenopus laevis) breeding test with the same specimen chambers, although a part of circulation loop was opened to air. Xenopus larvae grew and completed metamorphosis successfully in the small specimen chamber. The first metamorphic climax started on the 30th day and was completed on the 38th day. 相似文献
917.
Among a variety of design requirements, reducing the drag and aeroheating on hypersonic vehicles is the most crucial one. Unfortunately, these two objectives are often conflicting. On one hand, sharp slender forebodies design reduces the drag and ensures longer ranges and more economic flights. However, they are more vulnerable to aerodynamic heating. On the other hand, blunt forebodies produce more drag, however, they are preferred as far as aeroheating is concerned. In addition, in the context of hypersonic vehicles, blunt geometries are preferred over slender ones for practical implications such as higher volumetric efficiency, better accommodation of crew or on-board equipment.In principle, a blunt vehicle flying at hypersonic speeds generates a strong bow shock wave ahead of its nose, which is responsible for the high drag and aeroheating levels. There have been a number of efforts devoted towards reducing both the drag and the aeroheating by modifying the flowfield ahead of the vehicle's nose. Of these techniques, using spikes is the simplest and the most reliable technique. A spike is simply a slender rod attached to the stagnation point of the vehicle's nose. The spike replaces the strong bow shock with a system of weaker shocks along with creating a zone of recirculating flow ahead of the forebody thus reducing both drag and aeroheating.Since their introduction to the high-speed vehicles domain in the late 1940s, spikes have been extensively studied using both experimental facilities and numerical simulation techniques. The present paper is devoted to surveying these studies and illustrating the contributions of the authors in this field. The paper also raises some of the areas in the field that need further investigations. 相似文献
918.
J.-P. Bibring P. Lamy Y. Langevin A. Soufflot M. Berthé J. Borg F. Poulet S. Mottola 《Space Science Reviews》2007,128(1-4):397-412
CIVA (Comet Infrared and Visible Analyser) is an integrated set of imaging instruments, designed to characterize the 360∘ panorama (CIVA-P) as seen from the Rosetta Lander Philae, and to study surface and subsurface samples (CIVA-M). CIVA-P is
a panoramic stereo camera, while CIVA-M is an optical microscope coupled to a near infrared microscopic hyperspectral imager.
CIVA shares a common Imaging Main Electronics (IME) with ROLIS. CIVA-P will characterize the landing site, with an angular
sampling (IFOV) of 1.1 mrad: each pixel will image a 1 mm size feature at the distance of the landing legs, and a few metres
at the local horizon. The panorama will be mapped by 6 identical miniaturized micro-cameras covering contiguous FOV, with
their optical axis 60∘ apart. Stereoscopic capability will be provided by an additional micro-camera, identical to and co-aligned with one of the
panoramic micro-camera, with its optical axis displaced by 10 cm. CIVA-M combines two ultra-compact and miniaturised microscopes,
one operating in the visible and one constituting an IR hyperspectral imaging spectrometer: they will characterize, by non-destructive
analyses, the texture, the albedo, the molecular and the mineralogical composition of each of the samples provided by the
Sample Drill and Distribution (SD2) system. For the optical microscope, the spatial sampling is 7 μm; for the IR, the spectral range (1–4 μm) and the spectral sampling (5 nm) have been chosen to allow identification of most minerals, ices and organics, on each
pixel, 40 μm in size. After being studied by CIVA, the sample could be analysed by a subsequent experiment (PTOLEMY and/or COSAC). The
process would be repeated for each sample obtained at different depths and/or locations. 相似文献
919.
Hough transform for long chirp detection 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The online detection of a very long and weak chirp signal is studied. The signal has an extremely slowly decreasing frequency, and is corrupted by white Gaussian noise and possibly also by powerful tones. By exploring and comparing candidate methods, it is found that the Hough transform (HT) detector appears to be most suitable given constraints on computational load and detectability. The analytical and the simulational performance of the HT detector are obtained and compared with the analytical performance of the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT), which is assumed to be optimal. Applying a suitable threshold for the HT can increase speed dramatically while preserving performance. We have found that both dithering (taking varied frequency shifts for fast Fourier transforms (FFTs)) and increasing the FFT length can reduce the minimum detectable frequency slope with nearly no additional computation 相似文献
920.
Passive tracking scheme for a single stationary observer 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
While there are many techniques for bearings-only tracking (BOT) in the ocean environment, they do not apply directly to the land situation. Generally, for tactical reasons, the land observer platform is stationary; but, it has two sensors, visible and infrared, for measuring bearings and a laser range finder (LRF) for measuring range. There is a requirement to develop a new BOT data fusion scheme that fuses the two sets of bearing readings, and together with a single LRF measurement, produces a unique track. This paper first develops a parameterized solution for the target speeds, and then heading, prior to the occurrence of the LRF measurement, when the track is unobservable. At, and after the LRF measurement, a BOT, formulated as a least squares (LS) estimator, then produces a unique LS estimate of the target states. Bearing readings from the other sensor serve as instrumental variables in a data fusion setting to eliminate the bias in the BOT estimator. The result is an unbiased and decentralized data fusion scheme. Results from two simulation experiments have corroborated the theoretical development and show also that the scheme is optimal. 相似文献