高空环境下喷嘴参数对航空活塞发动机燃烧与性能的影响

以一台四缸四冲程压燃式航空煤油活塞发动机为研究机型,运用工程系统高级建模和仿真平台软件(AMESim)仿真软件建立了发动机的整机模型,并使用台架实验的采集数据对该仿真模型进行了验证。在高空环境中,仿真分析了飞行器起飞工况、最大巡航工况下发动机喷油器的不同喷孔数、孔径对发动机燃烧过程、性能和NOx排放特性的影响。计算结果表明:稳态工况下,随着喷孔数的增加,最高燃烧压力和温度增加,瞬时放热率增长速度快且峰值上升;同时,缸内预混燃烧得到强化,燃烧始点提前,滞燃期和燃烧持续期缩短,燃烧重心前移,循环热效率增高,但同时会提高NOx的生成量;在飞行器瞬态变海拔的起飞工况下,多喷孔数、小孔径的喷油嘴有利于航空活塞发动机在高空环境下恢复发动机功率,提升飞行器的动力性和续航性能。      

Influence of lunar topography on simulated surface temperature

The surface temperature of the Moon is one of the essential parameters for the lunar exploration, especially to evaluate the Moon thermophysical features. The distribution of the temperature is heavily influenced by the Moon topography, which, however, is rarely studied in the state-of-art surface temperature models. Therefore, this paper takes the Moon topography into account to improve the surface temperature model, Racca model. The main parameters, such as slopes along the longitude and latitude directions, are estimated with the topography data from Chang’E-1 satellite and the Horn algorithm. Then the effective solar illumination model is then constructed with the slopes and the relative position to the subsolar point. Finally, the temperature distribution over the Moon surface is obtained with the effective illumination model and the improved Racca model. The results indicate that the distribution of the temperature is very sensitive to the fluctuation of the Moon surface. The change of the surface temperature is up to 150 K in some places compared to the result without considering the topography. In addition, the variation of the surface temperature increases with the distance from the subsolar point and the elevation, along both latitude and longitude directions. Furthermore, the simulated surface temperature coincides well with the brightness temperature in 37 GHz observed by the microwave sounder onboard Chang’E-2 satellite. The corresponded emissivity map not only eliminates the influence of the topography, but also hints the inherent properties of the lunar regolith just below the surface. Last but not the least, the distribution of the permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) in the lunar pole area is also evaluated with the simulated surface temperature result.     

Dynamics and control of spacecraft hovering using the geomagnetic Lorentz force

To achieve hovering, a spacecraft thrusts continuously to induce an equilibrium state at a desired position. Due to the constraints on the quantity of propellant onboard, long-time hovering around low-Earth orbits (LEO) is hardly achievable using traditional chemical propulsion. The Lorentz force, acting on an electrostatically charged spacecraft as it moves through a planetary magnetic field, provides a new propellantless method for orbital maneuvers. This paper investigates the feasibility of using the induced Lorentz force as an auxiliary means of propulsion for spacecraft hovering. Assuming that the Earth’s magnetic field is a dipole that rotates with the Earth, a dynamical model that characterizes the relative motion of Lorentz spacecraft is derived to analyze the required open-loop control acceleration for hovering. Based on this dynamical model, we first present the hovering configurations that could achieve propellantless hovering and the corresponding required specific charge of a Lorentz spacecraft. For other configurations, optimal open-loop control laws that minimize the control energy consumption are designed. Likewise, the optimal trajectories of required specific charge and control acceleration are both presented. The effect of orbital inclination on the expenditure of control energy is also analyzed. Further, we also develop a closed-loop control approach for propellantless hovering. Numerical results prove the validity of proposed control methods for hovering and show that hovering around low-Earth orbits would be achievable if the required specific charge of a Lorentz spacecraft becomes feasible in the future. Typically, hovering radially several kilometers above a target in LEO requires specific charges on the order of 0.1 C/kg.     

民航陆空通话会话分析

民航飞行中的陆空通话具有交际会话的性质。本文利用会话分析理论,分析了民航陆空通话的整体结构,局部结构和机构性特征。     

空间真空环境下密封电磁继电器的触点失效研究

密封电磁继电器有其固有的漏率,在应用于空间真空环境下由于气体泄漏使得其内部气体压力逐渐降低,导致继电器的触点在低气压环境下工作失效（负载切换时）。文章选择国产继电器样品对上述机理进行了试验验证,并对继电器内部气体压力与触点电弧失效的规律进行了研究。     

星上控制力矩陀螺群隔振平台的动力学特性

为能够给星上有效载荷提供一种超静环境,提出一种星上控制力矩陀螺群(CMGs,Control Moment Gyroscopes)的隔振方案,并对所使用的隔振平台的动力学特性进行研究分析.首先介绍了不同参数模型的隔振元件工作原理和参数特性;其次利用牛顿-欧拉法对含有隔振平台和CMGs的卫星进行动力学建模;最后通过频域和时域的方法分析并对比了各个参数模型下的隔振平台力衰减特性以及对星体姿态稳定度的改善程度.结果表明:两参数加调谐质量阻尼器模型下的隔振平台对共振峰值有一定的衰减作用,三参数模型下的隔振平台在力衰减和对姿态稳定度的改善程度上要明显优于其他2种模型.     

一种用于预失真系统的RLS+LMS组合算法

数字预失真技术是功率放大器线性化研究的热点,自适应算法的选择对预失真的效果有很大的影响。分析传统的LMS算法和RLS算法,发现其收敛速度和计算复杂度不可兼得,变步长算法对收敛性能有所改进,但效果有限。结合两种算法各自的优势,提出一种新的组合算法,用于多项式数字预失真系统。采用间接实现结构,仿真结果表明新算法具有良好的收敛特性,适用于功率放大器的线性化处理。     

基于证据理论的雷达与通信侦察目标识别算法

针对异类被动传感器中的目标识别问题,将D-S证据理论运用于雷达侦察与通信侦察的目标识别中。首先将雷达和通信侦察设备侦收到的信息分别通过识别,得到雷达和通信电台的基本概率赋值,再通过D-S证据理论算法进行融合,计算出目标平台的基本概率赋值,从而得到融合后的平台类型。仿真实验结果表明,融合后的结果具有更高的置信度。     

基于多级维纳滤波器的树型WSN分布式线性约束最小方差波束形成方法

为减少树型无线传感器网络(Wireless sensor network,WSN)中分布式线性约束最小方差(Linearly constrained minimum variance,LCMV)波束形成器的计算量,将多级分解技术用于WSN分布式波束形成技术中,提出基于多级维纳滤波器(Multistage Wiener filter,MSWF)的分布式LCMV波束形成器方法。该方法通过有效引入MSWF技术避免本地协方差矩阵估计及求逆运算,能以更少的计算量获得分布式LCMV波束形成器相同的输出性能,说明新方法继承了MSWF和分布式LCMV波束形成器的优点。计算机仿真结果验证了算法的优良性能。     

变直径旋翼直升机飞行性能研究

为了研究旋翼直径变化对直升机性能的提升作用,将旋翼动力学综合模型与机身模型相耦合,采用前飞配平方法计算稳态时旋翼操纵量和机身姿态角,从而计算直升机需用功率。通过研究直升机功率与旋翼半径、前飞速度、直升机起飞重量以及飞行高度之间的关系来确定直升机需用功率的降低幅度,同时也分析了旋翼桨距和机体倾斜角随旋翼半径和前飞速度的变化趋势。在中高速飞行时,特别是高速飞行时,旋翼半径的变化可以显著地提升直升机的性能。当飞行速度为200km/h、旋翼半径减小20%,需用功率可降低37.6%。随着飞行高度的不断增加,在低速到中速飞行时直升机功率减小幅度会减小,在高速时功率减小幅度会增大。旋翼总距和纵横向周期变距随旋翼半径减少而增加,机体纵横向倾斜角随半径减小而减小。