航天器DC/DC变换器启动特性建模分析研究

介绍和分析了单管正激型DC/DC变换器的工作原理,指出变换器内置输入滤波器决定了其启动瞬间阻抗特性;提出变换器内置滤波器构成了二阶欠阻尼系统,当有阶跃电压输入时,滤波电容充电电流会产生衰减振荡,即为浪涌电流产生的根本原因。在此基础上,文章运用＂拉普拉斯变换＂对浪涌电流的计算公式进行了推导,并推导出浪涌电流的时域公式。提出了单管正激型DC/DC变换器启动特性仿真模型的建立方法,并通过试验验证了仿真模型建立的有效性。     

CAST空间碎片超高速撞击试验研究进展

超高速撞击试验是开展载人航天器及大型应用卫星空间碎片超高速撞击风险评估和防护设计的基础,作为我国航天器环境效应和可靠性工程验证部门的北京卫星环境工程研究所在这个领域做了大量的工作。文章介绍了二级轻气炮超高速撞击地面模拟试验技术、典型防护结构防护性能的超高速撞击试验验证、载人航天器外露材料超高速撞击特性、毫米级弹丸7 km/s以上超高速稳定发射技术探索、高性能防护结构研究等方面的若干近期进展。展望了我国空间碎片防护需求和地面超高速撞击试验研究的发展方向。     

激光驱动飞片速度的理论分析

激光驱动飞片技术是模拟微流星体/空间碎片对航天器外露材料/部件超高速撞击,用于开展撞击累积损伤效应与材料性能退化的研究,也是进行航天器在轨寿命预估和空间碎片防护研究的重要技术手段。飞片速度是衡量激光驱动飞片技术水平的关键性参数之一。文章从Lawrence改进的Gurney模型出发,着重分析了激光输出能量、脉宽、聚焦光斑大小以及飞片靶厚度等参数与飞片速度大小的关系,提出激光驱动飞片技术中提高飞片速度的主要途径:其他条件一定时,薄靶较厚靶更易获取高速飞片;小光斑较大光斑更易获取高速飞片;长脉宽高能激光器或短脉宽低能激光器比较适合获取高速飞片。以上结论对从试验上获取高速飞片具有重要指导意义。     

热防护中的粒状剥蚀问题研究

粒状剥蚀是机械剥蚀的主要形式之一,对纤维复合材料的热防护性能有重要影响。通过理论分析得到了烧蚀达到稳定状态时纤维形状的表达式,在此基础上建立了粒状剥蚀问题的力学分析模型。通过受力分析,采用莫尔破坏准则建立了判断纤维复合材料是否发生粒状剥蚀的条件。根据判别条件,材料纤维和基体的性能差异、外流场速度以及纤维尺寸都将显著地影响纤维复合材料的剥蚀性能。     

基于光束偏转层析技术的Radon变换迭代法

本文通过计算机模拟研究,利用气体温度场的先验知识,考查了将Ｒａｄｏｎ变换迭代法用于光束偏转层析技术重建三维温度场的重建精度。作为一个应用实例,测试了电弧某截面上的温度分布。     

LEO卫星发射机功率长期变化分析

针对空间环境辐射效应对低轨(Low Earth Orbit,LEO)卫星固态功放器件的长期影响,以工作超过15年的某卫星发射机为对象,在详细讨论卫星轨道半长轴、倾角、光照角和降交点地方时漂移基础上,分析发射机在轨温度、输出功率等参数变化,重点考察功率长期漂移情况.通过建立模型对功率衰减进行估计,最后结合遥测数据进行检验...     

U管质量流量计的工作原理与设计

介绍了１种自行研制的Ｕ管质量流量计的工作原理及其设计方案。     

Archaeal genome organization and stress responses: implications for the origin and evolution of cellular life

For DNA to be used as an informational molecule it must exist in the cell on the edge of stability because all genomic processes require local controlled melting. This presents mechanistic opportunities and problems for genomic DNA from hyperthermophilic organisms, whose unpackaged DNA could melt at optimal temperatures for growth. Hyperthermophiles are suggested to employ the novel positively supercoiling topoisomerase enzyme reverse gyrase (RG) to form positively supercoiled DNA that is intrinsically resistant to thermal denaturation. RG is presently the only archaeal gene that is uniquely found in hyperthermophiles and therefore is central to hypotheses suggesting a hypothermophilic origin of life. However, the suggestion that RG has evolved by the fusion of two pre-existing enzymes has led to hypotheses for a lower temperature for the origin of life. In addition to the action of topoisomerases, DNA packaging and the intracellular ionic environment can also manipulate DNA topology significantly. In the Euryarchaeota, nucleosomes containing minimal histones can adopt two alternate DNA topologies in a salt-dependent manner. From this we hypothesize that since internal salt concentrations are increased following an increase in temperature, the genomic effects of temperature fluctuations could also be accommodated by changes in nucleosome organization. In addition, stress-induced changes in the nucleoid proteins could also play a role in maintaining the genome in the optimal topological state in changing environments. The function of these systems could therefore be central to temperature adaptation and thus be implicated in origin of life scenarios involving hyperthermophiles.     

Solar sail formation flying on an inclined Earth orbit

The versatility of solar sail propulsion can be utilized in the exploration of Earth’s magnetotail. An inclined periodic orbit with respect to ecliptic is possible for a solar sail with its orbital plane in synchronous rotation with the sun. Solar sail evolving on such an inclined orbit is free of Earth shadow. Formation flying of a cluster of sails around such an inclined periodic orbit is investigated in this paper. The solution of the first-order approximation to the linear relative motion is used to qualitatively analyze the configurations of relative orbits. Since the relative motion is unstable, active control is necessary to keep a periodic relative motion. A typical LQR method is employed to stabilize the relative motion. The design method is validated by numerical examples.