Characterization of Bacilli isolated from the confined environments of the Antarctic Concordia station and the International Space Station

Bacillus and related genera comprise opportunist and pathogen species that can threaten the health of a crew in confined stations required for long-term missions. In this study, 43 Bacilli from confined environments, that is, the Antarctic Concordia station and the International Space Station, were characterized in terms of virulence and plasmid exchange potentials. No specific virulence feature, such as the production of toxins or unusual antibiotic resistance, was detected. Most of the strains exhibited small or large plasmids, or both, some of which were related to the replicons of the Bacillus anthracis pXO1 and pXO2 virulence elements. One conjugative element, the capacity to mobilize and retromobilize small plasmids, was detected in a Bacillus cereus sensu lato isolate. Six out of 25 tested strains acquired foreign DNA by conjugation. Extremophilic bacteria were identified and exhibited the ability to grow at high pH and salt concentrations or at low temperatures. Finally, the clonal dispersion of an opportunist isolate was demonstrated in the Concordia station. Taken together, these results suggest that the virulence potential of the Bacillus isolates in confined environments tends to be low but genetic transfers could contribute to its capacity to spread.     

近年来规模最大——“汉光”21号海空联合操演登场

台湾四周环海，最近由于护渔以及经济海域争议等问题，海域安全引起大家高度重视，因此“汉光”21号系列演习中，海空联合操演也是重头戏。     

PCAL信号多频点高效并行提取方法

PCAL(相位校准)信号通常用于消除VLBI(甚长基线干涉测量)观测设备的附加时延。随着更高观测精度要求的提出,基带信号带宽不断增大,所包含的PCAL信号频点个数也随之增加。传统的基于相关法的PCAL信号提取方法在处理多频点信号时,其计算量随着频点个数的增加而大幅增长,计算效率低。针对该问题,利用PCAL信号各频点之间的频率特性,提出了一种基于FFT(快速傅里叶变换)的PCAL信号多频点高效并行提取方法,并对2种方法的计算精度和计算量进行了对比分析。仿真结果表明:新方法的计算精度与传统方法相当;计算量不随PCAL信号频点个数的增加而增大;随着提取频点个数的增加,新方法计算效率优势明显。     

Design and Performance of an Improved Trapped Vortex Combustor

 A trapped vortex combustor (TVC) has been a very promising novel concept for it offers improvements in lean blow out, altitude relight, operating range, as well as a potential to decrease NO_x emissions compared to conventional combustors. The present paper discusses the improved designs of the new combustor over the prior ones of our research group, including that: a) the overall dimensions, both axial and radial, are reduced to those of an actual aero-engine combustor; b) the air flow distribution is optimized, and especially 15% of the air is fed into the liner as cooling air; c) a straight-wall diffuser with divergence angle 9癷s added. A series of experiments (cavity-fueled only, under atmospheric pressure) has been conducted to investigate the performance of the improved TVC. Experimental results show that at the inlet temperature of 523 K, the inlet pressure of 0.1 MPa, stable operation of the TVC test rig is observed for the Mach number 0.15-0.34, indicating good flame stability; the combustion efficiency obtained in this paper falls into the range of 60%-96%; as the total excess air ratio increases, the combustion efficiency decreases, while the increase of the inlet temperature is beneficial to high combustion efficiency; besides, the optimal Mach numbers for high combustion efficiency under different inlet conditions are confirmed. The outlet temperature profiles feature a bottom in the mid-height of the exit. This paper demonstrates the feasibility for the TVC to be applied to a realistic aero-engine preliminarily and provides reference for TVC design.     

工件底孔直径对Q460高强度钢冷挤压内螺纹的影响

试验研究了工件底孔直径对Q 460高强度钢冷挤压内螺纹的影响,包括分析工件不同底孔直径下内螺纹牙形、表面残余应力、硬度及端面表面形貌的变化。结果表明,冷挤压加工后内螺纹端面堆积体呈两边高、中间低的凹陷形,随着工件底孔直径的减小,端面堆积的高度不断增加,堆积程度也就变得愈加严重,螺纹牙顶、牙侧与牙根处表层硬度与表面残余压应力均升高。工件底孔直径的选择,在正确保证螺纹质量和丝锥寿命的前提下应尽可能取最大值,但是,一般情况下没有必要过分要求最高的牙高率,否则将给内螺纹挤压成形带来许多困难。Q 460高强度钢冷挤压内螺纹的工件底孔直径最佳取值范围为21.20～21.30 mm,牙高率超过80%,完全符合螺纹质量要求。     

一种新的民用飞机修理级别优化模型

修理级别分析(LORA)是飞机保障性分析的一个重要内容,是在设计阶段评估维修对飞机成本影响的一种系统分析方法。现有的LORA经济性分析模型对于系统寿命周期的维修费用考虑不够,且不适合民用飞机维修特点,基于此,提出了一个适合民用飞机维修规划三层三级的LORA经济性分析的数学模型,在此基础上,以最小化维修成本为目标建立了维修级别优化模型,并利用免疫粒子群算法超强的多变量、非线性及全局优化能力,对所提出的民机维修级别优化模型进行了求解。最后通过算例的比较分析,说明了本文LORA经济性分析模型的合理性以及模型求解算法的高效性。     

航空发动机气路颗粒静电监测技术模拟实验

探讨了航空发动机气路颗粒静电监测技术的工作原理和技术特点。为进行该技术的可行性研究搭建了模拟实验台,利用电晕模拟了气路故障发生时尾气中不同大小的带电颗粒,使用自制的探针式静电传感器对运动带电颗粒进行监测,信号调理器将感应电荷放大并转换为对应的电压,结果显示：①静电传感器能够监测到运动带电颗粒;②感应电压幅值与颗粒大小有关;③感应电压波形与颗粒性质有关;④大量小颗粒和单个大颗粒混合物的感应电压表现出两者各自的特征。     

雷达技术在小天体任务中的应用研究

在小天体任务中,雷达技术可用于浅表层探测和全球内部结构探测。总结了国内外雷达技术在天体探测任务中的应用现状,分析了单站和双站雷达系统的不同应用场景,对比了单站雷达中的轨道器雷达、表面巡视器雷达的不同特点。在此基础上,研究了小天体的可能结构、可能物质,介绍了单站、双站雷达的基本工作原理,提出了针对不同结构小天体可采用的雷达探测体制。针对尺寸较大的分层结构小天体,可采用单站雷达探测天体的浅表层,获取表层和浅表层的介电常数以及表层的深度;对于尺寸较小的碎石堆结构小天体,可采用双站雷达观测天体透射波,获取天体的介电常数和全球内部结构。最后通过仿真实验,验证了双站雷达对于探测碎石堆状小行星全球内部结构的有效性。     

几种GEOSAR上成像算法比较

地球同步轨道SAR具备着低轨SAR所不具有的优势,然而其具有合成孔径时间长、慢速运动的特点,成像处理远比低轨SAR复杂。针对地球同步轨道＂8＂字形星下点轨迹的特点,结合现有的成像算法,对GEOSAR回波信号进行了建模,对成像算法的选择做了说明,主要分析了BP算法、RD算法、CS算法。最后在对三种算法分别仿真的基础上详细地比较了算法在地球同步轨道上的适应性、成像效果以及计算量。     

我国大型飞机环境控制系统研制展望

根据我国大型飞机研制的任务需求,结合未来飞机环控系统的发展趋势,从气源系统设计技术、高效大流量制冷系统设计技术、数字式座舱压力调节系统设计技术、综合空气管理系统设计技术及防冰系统设计技术等5个方面探讨了适用于我国大型飞机环境控制系统的现实构型和未来发展。