飞机空中跳伞应急出口切割装置设计与试验

爆破切割蒙皮形成应急出口在飞机上的应用国内尚属首次,其最大优点是节省救生准备时间.从爆炸减压、结构变形、结构强度、爆炸反向冲击等方面进行了理论计算,分析了高空爆破切割形成应急出口的可行性.针对切割索弯折过框及长桁降低切割效果问题,进行了摸底试验和余度试验,试验结果表明:只要过框位置切割索弯折后与框距离控制在2~8mm,过长桁位置切割索弯折后与长桁距离不大于2mm,就可以满足切割分离要求,切割索弯折后相互之间不产生影响.通过1∶1地面验证试验,证明了爆破切割蒙皮形成应急出口的可行性,并成功安装于某型飞机上.研究成果可为其他型号采用爆破切割技术提供理论基础和试验数据支持.     

The PROCESS experiment: amino and carboxylic acids under Mars-like surface UV radiation conditions in low-earth orbit

The search for organic molecules at the surface of Mars is a top priority of the next Mars exploration space missions: Mars Science Laboratory (NASA) and ExoMars (ESA). The detection of organic matter could provide information about the presence of a prebiotic chemistry or even biological activity on this planet. Therefore, a key step in interpretation of future data collected by these missions is to understand the preservation of organic matter in the martian environment. Several laboratory experiments have been devoted to quantifying and qualifying the evolution of organic molecules under simulated environmental conditions of Mars. However, these laboratory simulations are limited, and one major constraint is the reproduction of the UV spectrum that reaches the surface of Mars. As part of the PROCESS experiment of the European EXPOSE-E mission on board the International Space Station, a study was performed on the photodegradation of organics under filtered extraterrestrial solar electromagnetic radiation that mimics Mars-like surface UV radiation conditions. Glycine, serine, phthalic acid, phthalic acid in the presence of a mineral phase, and mellitic acid were exposed to these conditions for 1.5 years, and their evolution was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy after their retrieval. The results were compared with data from laboratory experiments. A 1.5-year exposure to Mars-like surface UV radiation conditions in space resulted in complete degradation of the organic compounds. Half-lives between 50 and 150?h for martian surface conditions were calculated from both laboratory and low-Earth orbit experiments. The results highlight that none of those organics are stable under low-Earth orbit solar UV radiation conditions.     

An innovative high accuracy autonomous navigation method for the Mars rovers

Autonomous navigation is an important function for a Mars rover to fulfill missions successfully. It is a critical technique to overcome the limitations of ground tracking and control traditionally used. This paper proposes an innovative method based on SINS (Strapdown Inertial Navigation System) with the aid of star sensors to accurately determine the rover?s position and attitude. This method consists of two parts: the initial alignment and navigation. The alignment consists of a coarse position and attitude initial alignment approach and fine initial alignment approach. The coarse one is used to determine approximate position and attitude for the rover. This is followed by fine alignment to tune the approximate solution to accurate one. Upon the completion of initial alignment, the system can be used to provide real-time navigation solutions for the rover. An autonomous navigation algorithm is proposed to estimate and compensate the accumulated errors of SINS in real time. High accuracy attitude information from star sensor is used to correct errors in SINS. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed methods can achieve a high precision autonomous navigation for Mars rovers.     

火星精确定点着陆多信息融合自主导航与控制方法研究

针对火星定点采样、载人登陆和基地构建等任务的需求,提出了一种火星精确定点着陆多信息融合自主导航与控制(Guidance Navigation and Control,GNC)方案。针对大气进入前的高精度导航需求,提出了基于X射线脉冲星和火星表面陆标图像的融合自主导航方法;针对火星着陆探测进入、下降和着陆(Entry,Descent and Landing,EDL)过程的高精度绝对和相对导航需求,提出了基于陆标图像、IMU(Inertial Measurement Unit)和测距测速信息的多信息融合自主导航方法;针对精确定点着陆要求,设计了大气进入和动力下降过程的制导与控制算法。数学仿真结果表明,提出的方案能够实现高精度的定点着陆(精度100 m)和相对避障(精度为0.5 m),可满足任务需求。     

轴向磁通磁场调制型电机的解析分析

提出了一种新型二维解析分析方法用于计算轴向磁通磁场调制型电机的气隙磁场分布和电机特性。对电机每个子域列出拉普拉斯方程或泊松方程并结合边界条件,求解出每个子域的矢量磁位,进而得到气隙磁场分布、空载反电势、电磁转矩和轴向磁拉力的解析表达式。为了评估解析方法的计算精度,对二维解析分析结果和三维有限元仿真结果进行了比较,结果表明二维解析计算结果的计算误差在10.3%以内。由于解析分析在保证计算精度的前提下大大缩短了计算时间,因此该方法适用于轴向磁通磁场调制型电机初始设计阶段电机参数的确定。     

基于超声导波波束成形的缺陷反演方法研究

利用超声导波对板结构中的缺陷进行反演可以确定缺陷的位置和形状信息,针对走时成像方法在低频范围内效果不佳的问题,提出一种基于波动场的超声导波缺陷反演成像方法。根据波动方程推导出波束成形成像原理,利用Born近似下的散射场数据对成像区域像素点的值进行相干叠加,得到缺陷的位置和形状。再通过波束成形与傅里叶衍射定理在频域的映射关系,将波束成形的结果转化为衍射层析成像图像,得到了更为清晰的反演图像。针对衍射层析成像中存在伪影和噪声的问题,利用二维变分模态分解（Two-dimensional variational mode decomposition,2D-VMD）方法对图像进行降噪处理,有效去除了伪影和缺陷轮廓边缘的毛刺,进一步提高了成像分辨率。反演结果表明该方法可以较为准确地重构出铝板上减薄缺陷的位置、大小和形状,具有较高的分辨率。     

光纤智能结构的传感网络敏感区域探测

实用的传感网络控制决策以及相应的控制系统保证了智能结构的使用可靠性,而传感网络敏感区域的确定影响到传感网络信号的有效性和传感网络覆盖位置的正确性.本文利用了与光纤智能结构匹配性较好的粗糙集理论粒度计算方法,对光纤智能结构的传感器网络敏感区域进行探测.在研究了机翼盒段光纤智能夹层传感网络后,得出了敏感区域分布和传感网络的覆盖位置,经过分析认为,此法可对光纤智能结构传感网络敏感区域进行探测并可以简省传感网络信号.     

LabVIEW——控制设计与仿真模块在转台设计中的应用

虚拟仪器技术在测试测量行业的广泛应用,推动了LabVIEW的发展.基于Lab-VIEW及其工具包在系统分析、设计中的优势,本文以控制设计与仿真模块为工具,设计单轴实验转台速度、位置控制器.完成了硬件选型、转台系统建模,在此基础上利用控制设计与仿真模块设计转台控制器.整个设计开发过程简单直观,并且经过仿真分析及实验验证,...     

切深对椭圆超声振动切削机理的影响

以椭圆超声振动切削为研究对象,通过理论分析,有限元仿真和切削实验,研究了切深变量对其切削过程中机理的影响。指出在微小的切深条件下,刀尖钝圆影响不可忽略,其切削过程表现出微细切削特性。一方面,基于微细切削理论,建立了正交椭圆超声振动切削运动学和力学模型,将切削区分为后刀面回弹区、刀尖犁切区、刀尖剪切区和前刀面摩擦区四个区域,并依次对四个区域内不同切深条件下各个切削分力进行计算分析。另一方面,对切削过程进行有限元仿真和切削实验。其结果表明:当切深小于最小切削厚度时,切削过程主要为刀具后刀面的回弹挤压与摩擦和刀尖钝圆的犁切作用,不产生切屑,切深抗力大于主切削力;当切深大于最小切削厚度并逐渐增大时,刀尖剪切和切屑与前刀面的挤压与摩擦作用逐渐凸显并成为主要切削方式,此时主切削力逐渐超过切深抗力并迅速增大。     

超声振动切削对耦合颤振的影响

以耦合颤振为研究对象,通过理论分析和实验测量,研究了超声振动切削(UVC)方法对其影响及机理。超声振动切削可以通过控制系统能量摄入抑制耦合颤振。一方面,确定系统发生耦合颤振具有临界能量阀值,系统摄入能量为瞬时切削功率在净切削时间内的积分;建立的临界切削深度模型,表明超声振动切削可以增大临界切深,这表示系统具有更大的切削功率阀值,其原因是超声振动切削方法净切削时间减少,从而在一定切削时间内维持系统能量摄入总量不变,保证切削系统的稳定。另一方面,在相同条件下,超声振动切削可以有效降低平均切削力,减少系统摄入的能量,从而减弱耦合颤振的振动幅度,对其进行抑制。使用自行研制的弱刚度镗杆进行了对比实验,实验结果表明:超声振动切削可以增大临界切削深度且临界切深与占空比成反比;在相同条件下减小了系统振动幅度,获得了更好的加工质量。