大气闪烁对近似无衍射激光通信系统的影响

在近似无衍射激光通信系统中,大气湍流的作用导致接收端光强起伏不定,这将对通信系统的误码率产生影响.以光强起伏的概率分布为基础,忽略系统中的其他噪声,推导出折射率结构常数、通信距离和激光波长等影响因素与误码率的关系式.通过计算机模拟,研究了误码率随折射率结构常数的变化规律,讨论了一定湍流强度下通信距离和激光波长对误码率的影响,并以10-9为误码率标准,确定了通信距离的允许范围.结果表明,合理地选择天气和日照条件、减小通信距离以及选择长波长的激光器可以减弱大气湍流对误码率的影响.      

基于离散数据点的变壁厚叶身参数化设计

在原始截面离散数据点的基础上,给出了面向工程实际的中弧线几何造型方法和基于离散数据点的内形曲线参数化方法;深入分析了UG(Unigraphic)系统参数化造型的实质;给出了可行的参数化方案;结合面向对象的思想和创成式的建模方式,实现了变壁厚叶身参数化设计.该模块基于UG/OpenAPI接口,采用即时记录数据点和标记回溯点的方式,在交互中可以实时动态修改,达到"所见即所得"的效果,并在实际应用中得到有效验证.      

基于投影约束的C臂外参数优化方法

C臂外参数计算是手术导航系统实现图像空间与手术空间映射的关键环节.标记点提取误差将使外参数偏离真值.采用投影方法系统分析选点误差对外参数计算的影响,发现相机光轴方向平移参数收敛性弱、易受误差干扰.利用不同平面上投影距离之比作为约束对线性方法所得外参数进行修正.借鉴二/三维图像配准方法,采用修正后的估计外参数与已标定内参数进行重投影,根据几何方法直接求出外参数修正量,避免反复迭代优化.仿真结果表明,该标定方法对误差具有一定免疫性,能够提高外参数精度.      

基于脑力负荷飞机座舱视觉显示界面优化设计

在飞机座舱视觉显示界面设计阶段,利用脑力负荷的综合评价,确定最佳设计方案.综合3种脑力负荷评价方法(主任务评价法、生理测量法、主观评价法),建立了飞机座舱视觉显示界面脑力负荷综合评价模型,对设计方案进行优化选择,并进行实验例证.在某型号歼击机视觉界面的不同设计方案中,利用这套评价模型,在降落任务下,得到了不同视觉界面的脑力负荷综合评价值,其中最佳脑力负荷值的设计方案也符合国军标中关于视觉界面的设计原则.在飞机座舱视觉界面脑力负荷的设计阶段,这套评价系统在设计阶段能够给出一个满意的评价结果,对于最终设计方案的确定很有帮助.      

基于遗传算法的设备布置优化算法

对设备布置问题,建立了多目标优化数学模型.为弥补当前的现场布置遗传算法在变异阶段的不足,将最优个体变异与随机变异相结合,设计了组合变异策略:首先变异最优个体,如果变异出更优的个体,则用新个体替换当前种群的最差个体;如果最优个体变异不成功,则随机选择一个个体执行随机变异.据此,提出了一种改进的遗传算法用于求解设备布置问题.仿真实验证明了组合变异策略能够在明显较短的时间内,取得与随机变异相当的最优布置结果.对比分析进一步验证了该算法的有效性.     

基于DEA的研制阶段装备保障方案评价模型

针对目前研制阶段装备保障方案评价在角度和方法上的不足,提出基于数据包络分析(DEA,Data Envelopment Analysis)的评价模型.分析提炼保障系统的整体特性,建立保障系统的特性评价参数,构建基于数据包络分析的评价模型,通过计算保障方案的相对效率指数进行保障方案的评价,采用基于劣势前沿面的数据包络分析评价模型对多个有效保障方案进行二次评价,实现了保障方案的排序.结合研制阶段某型号军用飞机保障方案给出评价示例,从而验证了该模型的可行性和有效性,可为国防工业部门在研制阶段保障方案的评价上提供有效的决策支持.     

静稳定裕度对飞翼布局的影响研究

减小配平损失对于提高飞翼布局升阻比和提升飞行控制能力具有重要意义,因此基于离散伴随优化方法研究静稳定裕度对跨音速飞翼布局减阻优化的影响,分别开展10%,0%,-10% 三种静稳定性设计工况的优化研究。采用自由变形（FFD）方法对非结构表面网格进行参数化,以FFD 控制点为设计变量,通过求解流场和伴随方程得到灵敏度信息;采用序列二次规划SQP 算法获得控制点位移的梯度,然后经过多轮迭代得到优化构型。结果表明：在几何厚度和力矩配平的约束下,离散伴随优化方法可以显著提升飞翼布局的最大升阻比,三种工况下最大升阻比提高都在8% 以上;随着静稳定性裕度减小,定升力系数优化的巡航升阻比增量有所减小,当静稳定裕度为10% 时巡航升阻比提高了5.08%。     

Two-Way-Coupling Method for Rapid Aerothermoelastic Analyses of Hypersonic Wings

Several types of coupling methods for resolving aerothermoelastic problems associated with hypersonic wings are summarized,and the appropriate coupling methods for engineering calculations are selected.Then,the calculation and analysis methods for the subdisciplines in this field are introduced,and the time step issue is discussed.A two-way-coupling rapid static aerothermoelastic method for analyzing hypersonic wings is proposed.This method considers thermal effects and is used to conduct an aerothermoelastic response analysis for a hypersonic wing.In addition,the aerodynamic force,heat flux,structural deformation and temperature field are obtained.The following three conclusions are drawn.First,the heating effect has a significant impact on the static aeroelastic response of hypersonic wings;therefore,thermal protection shields are essential.Second,the application of thermal protection shields reduces the differences in the calculation results between the one-and two-way-coupling methods.Third,hypersonic wings exhibit large thermal deformation under high-temperature environments,and in certain cases,the thermal deformation is even larger than the deformation caused by aerodynamic force.     

Modeling and Optimal Design of Planar Linkage Mechanism of Coupled Joint Clearances for Manufacturing

The uncertainty of the mechanism motion error is mostly caused by the manufacturing process,so the motion error cannot be effectively predicted at the design phase.The problems of manufacturing complexity and the relationship between design and manufacturing are analyzed,and the influence of dimensional tolerance and fit tolerance on the motion accuracy of the system is considered in the design process.Then based on the Monte Carlo simulation,an optimal design model of planar linkage mechanism is set up.A typical offset slider-crank mechanism is used as an illustrative example to carry out the optimal design.Compared with the result of typical robustness design,the similar variation characteristics of the mean value and the standard deviation can be found,so the proposed method is effective.The method is furthermore applied in the optimization of the schemes with different fit tolerances and the prediction of motion errors in the design phase is achieved.A set of quantitative evaluation system for mechanism optimal design is provided.Finally,a basic strategy is presented to balance the motion precision and manufacturing cost.     

Local Path Planning and Tracking Control of Vehicle Collision Avoidance System

Automotive collision avoidance technology can effectively avoid the accidents caused by dangerous traffic conditions or driver's manipulation errors.Moreover,it can promote the development of autonomous driving for intelligent vehicle in intelligent transportation.We present a collision avoidance system,which is composed of an evasive trajectory planner and a path following controller.Considering the stability of the vehicle in the conflict-free process,the evasive trajectory planner is designed by polynomial parametric method and optimized by genetic algorithm.The path following controller is proposed to make the car drive along the designed path by controlling the vehicle's lateral movement.Simulation results show that the vehicle with the proposed controller has good stability in the collision process,and it can ensure the vehicle driving in accordance with the planned trajectory at different speeds.The research results can provide a certain basis for the research and development of automotive collision avoidance technology.