固体火箭发动机／导弹一体化设计

以某一两级固体地—空导弹作为算例,研究了固体火箭发动机/导弹一体化设计问题。研究以导弹起飞质量最轻和可用过载最大为目标建立了目标函数,利用优化理论完成了7个设计变量的优化设计。优化结果表明,所建立的数学模型是正确的。     

GPS based onboard and onground orbit operations for small satellites

In extension to common applications such as groundtrack displays and antenna steering, the SGP4 orbit model is proposed for operational orbit determination in small satellite missions. SGP4 is an analytical orbit model for Low-Earth orbiting satellites that is widely used for the propagation of NORAD twoline elements. Twoline elements may hence be generated completely independent of NORAD. Their use as exclusive source of orbital information simplifies the operations concept and reduces mission costs through the extensive use of existing low-cost mission support software. Due to small computer resource requirements of 8–10kByte, the SGP4 model may also be applied for onboard orbit computations making use of e.g. a 80186 processor, thus ensuring full compatibility of ground-based and onboard operations. The proposed approach is particularly suited in combination with a space-borne GPS receiver, were the C/A-code navigation solutions are treated as measurements that are adjusted in a least-squares sense using the SGP4 model. As consequence, inherent drawbacks of the pure navigation solutions such as data gaps and scatter as well as limited velocity accuracy are avoided, while the operational navigation activities are kept at a minimum. The feasibility of the concept is illustrated based on real GPS navigation data from the TOPEX/Poseidon and the MIR space station with an inherent data quality of 50–100 m. It is shown that 3 hours of data within a 4 day period are sufficient to keep the position error within 4 km, that is considered sufficient for most applications.     

Advanced detectors and instruments for small satellites

This paper presents some approaches to the development of advanced detectors and to miniaturized instrument design which are pursued in the Institute of Space Sensor Technology of DLR (the German Aerospace Research Establishment). The instrument design approach is demonstrated for a low-weight (3 kg) dual camera system with narrow-angle in-track stereo and wide-angle multispectral features. Each camera has its own signal processor and 0,5 G Bit mass memory. The activities for advanced detector development are concentrated on two different kinds of detectors and instrumentations: infrared detector arrays and instruments at wavelengths out to about 240 μm, and superheterodyne receivers in the submillimeter and far-infrared spectral ranges.     

A bistatic SAR mission for earth observation based on a small satellite

The authors present a new scientific space mission consisting of a satellite carrying a receiving- only SAR which receives the signal transmitted by the ENVISAT-1 SAR. The integration of ENVISAT-1 SAR and bistatic radar data offers an improved potentiality of surface classification, three-dimensional observation, and the opportunity of advanced scientific experiments in the field of bistatic scattering. The small satellite nominal orbit and the attitude manoeuvres are designed in order to maintain an adequate overlap between the two radar swaths along the whole orbit, taking into account the ENVISAT-1 attitude and pointing. A preliminary satellite design (2-year lifetime) is then performed to evaluate the orbit decay and to determine the appropriate orbit manoeuvres (every 4 days) to control the satellites relative phase. The numerical simulation shows that a spacecraft of about 584kg is able to meet the mission requirements.     

热载下三边固支一边简支矩形薄板的解析解

基于薄板的小挠度理论,根据四边简支矩形薄板在横向变温作用下的挠度和内力解答,通过应用虚功原理和叠加原理,推导了三边固支一边简支矩形薄板在横向变温作用下的挠度方程和内力解析解,从而为以后的工程计算提供了理论依据.     

超高真空设备的放气分析

文章介绍了超高真空设备放气的理论,并给出两种放气模型:schram吸附模型和吸附-扩散模型;对设备的放气理论值进行了计算,并通过四极质谱仪得出的残余气体质谱图分析出材料放气的成分. abstract： this paper discusses the outgassing theory and two outgassing models of materials,that is,schram adsorption model and the adsorption-diffusion model based on malev's theory.the values of outgassing are calculated and outgassing of materials is analyzed by the residual gas spectrum obtained from quadmpole mass spectrometer(qms).     

纤维缠绕厚壁柱形压力容器的应力和变形

研究了各向同性材料内胆对称缠绕纤维的厚壁圆柱形容器在内外压力作用下的变形和应力.采用正交各向异性本构关系和轴对称厚壁筒理论,利用解析方法获得了纤维层和内胆的变形和应力,以及纤维方向的应力;对壁厚较厚和不同缠绕角,更准确地揭示纤维向应力和内胆应力.比较了分别用玻璃纤维环氧和炭纤维环氧缠绕铝内胆和钢内胆的容器在内压作用下,不同缠绕角方案中内胆和纤维向应力分布.研究表明,壁厚对不同缠绕角容器的应力和变形影响不同,总体影响较小;从降低内胆的等效应力和充分发挥纤维纵向强度角度看,炭纤维缠绕铝筒最好;横向强度和剪切强度是缠绕复合材料容器的主要控制参数,缠绕工艺需要提高这些指标以充分发挥纤维纵向强度.     

“神舟八号”飞船γ源高度控制装置安装工具和方法的改进

1γ源高度控制装置功能＂神舟＂系列飞船返回舱在进入大气层时,通过静压高度控制器判定离地面高度,并自动打开伞舱盖,带出引导伞,引导伞再拉出减速伞;同时,航天员的缓冲座椅升起。在距地1.2m时,由安装在返回舱底部的γ源高度控制装置,通过向地面发射和接收经由地面散射的γ射线确定返回舱离地面高度,发出控制指令,启动返回舱的4个反推发动机点火工作,产生反向推力,使返回舱速度降到2 m/s以下。     

基于双变量预测控制的表贴式永磁同步电机直接转矩控制系统

基于电压矢量幅值和相角为变量的表贴式永磁同步电机(SPMSM)定子磁链幅值和转矩表达式,给出了9个不同幅值和相角的备选电压矢量,采用预测控制计算得出施加不同电压矢量下一时刻的定子磁链幅值和转矩值,建立了基于磁链和转矩误差的目标函数,并选择使目标函数最小的电压矢量为作为下一时刻施加的最优电压矢量。仿真结果表明:在双变量预测控制下,SPMSM直接转矩控制系统运行良好,定子磁链轨迹为理想圆,磁链和转矩均符合控制要求,转速跟踪良好,定子电流波形正弦。进一步对比分析表明:与开关表和固定电压矢量选择策略相比,双变量预测控制能显著减小转矩和磁链脉动。与开关表相比,转矩脉动均方根误差降低了62.92%,磁链脉动均方根误差降低了45.05%,评价函数均值降低了60.30%;与固定电压矢量选择策略相比,转矩脉动均方根误差降低了22.40%,磁链脉动均方根误差降低了3.85%,评价函数均值降低了15.93%。     

基于定子电阻自适应辨识的感应电机死区补偿

电压源型逆变器由于死区效应,导致输出发生非标准化、畸变化,影响感应电机的控制精确度,特别是无速度传感器矢量控制,同时造成电网侧能量的流失。为了减小死区效应产生的影响,列出误差计算公式,求得总延时时间。另外,对定子电阻进行自适应辨识,增加所求延时时间精确度的同时可以运用到电机矢量控制中。经过补偿误差电压,提高了控制性能,降低了对控制系统的影响。结果表明所提补偿策略对电流波形、总谐波失真具有改善作用。