石墨/铝复合材料显微组织的研究

石墨/铝复合材料具有较高的比强度和比刚度,是用于宇航领域的理想材料。 石墨/铝复合材料的显微组织将直接影响其力学性能。为了探讨石墨纤维与铝基体之间的结合机制,揭示石墨/铝复合材料显微组织与宏观力学性能之间的内在联系,有必要对石墨/铝复合材料的显微组织,尤其是石墨纤维与铝基体界面区域的显微组织进行深入的研究。     

Plasma transport across the heliopause

Existing heliopause models are critically rediscussed under the new aspect of possible plasma mixing between the solar wind and the ambient ionized component of the local interstellar medium (LISM). Based on current kinetic plasma theories, effective diffusion rates across the heliopause are evaluated for several models with turbulence caused by electrostatic or electromagnetic interactions that could be envisaged in this context. Some specific cases that may lead to high diffusion rates are investigated, especially in regard to their LISM magnetic field dependence.For weak fields (less than 10^–7 G), macroscopic hydrodynamic instabilities, such as of Rayleigh-Taylor or Kelvin-Helmholtz-types, can be excited. The resulting plasma mixing rates at the heliopause may amount to 20–30% of the impinging mass flow.Recently, an unconventional new approach to the problem for the case of tangential magnetic fields at the heliopause was published in which a continuous change of the plasma properties within an extended boundary layer is described by a complete set of two-fluid plasma equations including a hybrid MHD-formulation of wave-particle interaction effects. If a neutral sheet is assumed to exist within the boundary layer, the magnetic field direction is proven to be constant for a plane-parallel geometry. Considering the electric fields and currents in the layer, an interesting relationship between the field-reconnection probability and the electric conductivity can be derived, permitting a quantitative determination of either of these quantities.An actual value for the electrical conductivity is derived here on the basis of electron distribution functions given by a superposition of Maxwellians with different temperatures. Using two-stream instability theory and retaining only the most unstable modes, an exact solution for the density, velocity, and magnetic and electric fields can be obtained. The electrical conductivity is then shown to be six orders of magnitude lower than calculated by conventional formulas. Interestingly, this leads to an acceptable value of 0.1 for the reconnection coefficient.By analogy with the case of planetary magnetopauses, it is shown here for LISM magnetic fields of the order of 10^–6 G or larger that field reconnection processes may also play an important role for the plasma mixing at the heliopause. The resulting plasma mixing rate is estimated to amount to an average value of 10% of the incident mass flow. It is suggested here that the dependence of the cosmic-ray penetration into the heliosphere on the distribution of reconnecting areas at the heliopause may provide a means of deriving the strength and orientation of the LISM field.A series of observational implications for the expected plasma mixing at the heliopause is discussed in the last part of the paper. In particular, consequences are discussed for the generation of radio noise at the heliopause, for the penetration of LISM neutrals into the heliosphere, for the propagation of cosmic rays towards the inner part of the solar system and for convective electric field mergings into the heliosphere during the course of the solar cycle, depending on the solar cycle variations. With concern to a recent detection of electrostatic plasma waves by plasma receivers on Voyagers 1 and 2, we come to an interesting alternate explanation: the heliopause, rather than the heliospheric shock front, could be responsible for the generation of these waves.     

Composite Bound on Arrival Time Estimation Errors

Time of arrival (TOA) estimation of narrowband signals is a problem of considerable practical interest in radar and sonar applications. A new technique is presented to analyze the mean square error (MSE) performance of TOA estimation schemes, based on recently developed lower bound. We obtain a complete characterization of the MSE as a function of the signal and noise parameters. The results are given in a simple closed-form analytical expression.     

轴流压气机气动弹性失稳的实验研究

本文介绍了在跨音压气机试验台上对BF-1系列转子开展气动弹性失稳的实验研究工作。文中提出了实验模型的零阻尼设计原则,描述了失速颤振发生的过程。分析了失速颤振发作时的气动声学现象——一种特殊的啸声。此外还给出了两种叶尖间隙和两种叶型对失速颤振影响的实验结果。最后对经验预测方法和实验结果作了对比,符合情况较好。      

JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE POWER Published quarterly by The Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics

The Journal of Aerospace Power is a leading publication of its kind in China devoted to the advancement of the science and technology of aerospace power.It provides a common medium through which academic and industrial researchers and designers can communicate results, review progress and identify requirements for further work in this increasingly significant field.      

计算矢量喷管流场的有限元法

本文通过采用扫描有限元法及多步龙格－库塔时间推进格式求解非定常平均Ｎ－Ｓ方程来模拟二元矢量喷管的内部跨速流场,成功地计算了二维有激波的跨声速喷管内部流场及仰 仰角３０°的三维矢量喷管内部流场。     

湿热对单向复合材料层合板Ⅱ型分层特性的影响

利用横向裂纹拉伸试验模型（Transverse Crack Tension-tension Test）,在3种湿热环境（室温、85℃和85℃/95%RH）条件下,对2种单向碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料（T300/QY8911和HTA/6376）层合板的Ⅱ型分层特性进行了试验研究。结果表明湿热环境导致复合材料层间断裂韧性降低,引起Ⅱ型应变能释放率门槛值显着下降,裂纹扩展速率大大提高,温度的影响较湿度更为明显。利用电镜（SEM）对试样分层表面进行了检测,湿度对断面特征无明显的影响。     

SDM 标模大攻角动导数试验

介绍了ＣＡＲＤＣ高速所１．２ｍ风洞大攻角的动导数试验装置与测量系统以及在１．２ｍ风洞中对标准动态模型（ＳＤＭ标模）所作的一系列风洞试验结果。试验结果与国外文献数据具有较好的一致性。试验结果随马赫数和攻角的变化表现出明显的非线性,而减缩频率的影响并不显著。天平与测试系统的重复性精度较高。     

用变截面试样测量损伤变量 D(E)

 给出了一种用变截面试样测量Ｄ（Ｅ）的方法,推导出用该方法测材料弹性模量Ｅ及Ｄ（Ｅ）的理论公式,分析了有关因素对测量结果的影响,并用ＬＹ１２－ＣＺ铝合金试样对本文所提出的方法进行了试验验证。结果表明该方法是可行的,且具有实用性,和便于同一损伤过程的多角度对比研究的优点。     

Voyager 2 Solar Wind Observations in the Outer Heliosphere

We discuss the solar wind parameters measured in the distant heliosphere from the Voyager 2 spacecraft. Periodic variations in the speed of the wind observed at roughly the solar rotation period may correspond to interaction regions between slower and faster streams of wind. Since the interplanetary magnetic field is enhanced in such regions, they are important for the study of modulation of cosmic rays. Unfortunately, direct observation of the enhanced magnetic field from Voyager 2 has been made difficult by spacecraft-associated noise since 1989.