1994年2月21日行星际激波引起的磁暴

利用Imp-8,Geotail和Goes-6等卫星资料,研究了1994年2月21日0900UT到达地球磁层的行星际激波引起的磁暴期间,从太阳风向磁层传输能量的有关问题.结果指出:（1）南向行星际磁场（IMF）的长持续时间不是太阳风向磁层输能的必要条件.南北振荡的,较强IMF也能产生显著的能量传输;（2）行星际扰动磁场通过弓激波和磁层顶后扰动磁能增加,增幅将近5倍;（3）在磁层内扰动磁场的Bz分量在1×10-4Hz附近显著被吸收.这一低频扰动磁场可能是磁暴期间导致氧离子和质子等环电流粒子向内扩散并被加速的原因之一.     

Current collection through the transport of electrons across magnetic field lines

Collection of electrons by a long conducting cylinder in a flowing plasma is studied by means of numerical simulations. The plasma flow simulates the relative motion between a spacecraft and plasma. The sheath structures and the levels of electron current collections for the cases with and without an ambient magnetic field ( ) are studied. It is found that for the flow perpendicular to the magnetic field, the current is considerably enhanced depending on the relative drift velocity. In the case of a non-zero magnetic field perpendicular to the cylinder axis, the potential structure is a two-dimensional double layer with dimensions L L_|, where L and L_| are the dimensions perpendicular and parallel to , respectively. L is found to be the current limiting radius given by the Parker-Murphy model. For the flow along , the electron current is found to be smaller than that for the flow perpendicular to . This is explained in terms of the potential structures.     

On the effect of considering more realistic particle shape and mass parameters in MMOD risk assessments

One of the primary mission risks tracked in the development of all spacecraft is that due to micro-meteoroids and orbital debris (MMOD). Both types of particles, especially those larger than 0.1 mm in diameter, contain sufficient kinetic energy due to their combined mass and velocities to cause serious damage to crew members and spacecraft. The process used to assess MMOD risk consists of three elements: environment, damage prediction, and damage tolerance. Orbital debris risk assessments for the Orion vehicle, as well as the Shuttle, Space Station and other satellites use ballistic limit equations (BLEs) that have been developed using high speed impact test data and results from numerical simulations that have used spherical projectiles. However, spheres are not expected to be a common shape for orbital debris; rather, orbital debris fragments might be better represented by other regular or irregular solids. In this paper we examine the general construction of NASA’s current orbital debris (OD) model, explore the potential variations in orbital debris mass and shape that are possible when using particle characteristic length to define particle size (instead of assuming spherical particles), and, considering specifically the Orion vehicle, perform an orbital debris risk sensitivity study taking into account variations in particle mass and shape as noted above. While the results of the work performed for this study are preliminary, they do show that continuing to use aluminum spheres in spacecraft risk assessments could result in an over-design of its MMOD protection systems. In such a case, the spacecraft could be heavier than needed, could cost more than needed, and could cost more to put into orbit than needed. The results obtained in this study also show the need to incorporate effects of mass and shape in mission risk assessment prior to first flight of any spacecraft as well as the need to continue to develop/refine BLEs so that they more accurately reflect the shape and material density variations inherent to the actual debris environment.     

超声速复杂流动中湍流模型的性能评估

对8°,16°,20°,24°超声速二维压缩拐角进行了数值模拟,系统评估了SA(Spalart-Allmaras), k-ω, SST(Shear Stress Transport)3种工程常用湍流模型对激波/边界层干扰复杂流动的模拟适用能力.对于\"弱\"干扰、小分离,工程常用湍流模型能够较准确地预测其压力、摩擦力、热流分布,而对于\"强\"干扰、大分离则会造成较大的偏差.同时,随着分离区的增大,各湍流模型的适用性能差别更加明显,数值方法也有一定的影响.      

高精度法矢下切割面自适应的凸曲面射线寻迹

针对电大尺寸目标难以精确解析表达带来的一致性几何绕射算法应用难问题,提出了基于三角网格、适用于任意凸曲面的射线寻迹（TM-tracing）算法。应用工程中较易获取的三角网格及其协议,设计了一种满足快速多边搜索条件的网状数据存储链表;提出了满足寻迹要求的高精度法矢求解算法;采用切割面自适应调整的弧形拟合寻迹方法实现了爬行波寻迹算法;结合一致性几何绕射理论（UTD）实现了暗区场值求解算法。任意网格曲面射线寻迹结果表明:本文提出的寻迹算法适用于包括球、柱和锥在内的任意光滑凸曲面,寻迹偏差小于1.61%,寻迹速度为2.8 s,具有一定的工程应用价值。      

一种电离层场向不规则体各向异性散射模型

电离层场向不规则体散射具有很强的方向性, 利用电离层场向不规则体散 射进行VHF频段超视距通信时, 需要准确可靠地确定其散射分布特性及路径损 耗等参数. 基于电离层不规则体场向散射的特点, 以地球地磁场为坐标系统, 提出了一种电离层场向不规则体各向异性散射模型, 该模型能够计算前向和后 向散射链路的路径损耗分布、时延展宽和相干带宽等参数, 同时运用该模型对 雷达横向截面的计算结果与已有文献的数据结果进行对比, 证明了该模型的准确性. 该模型能够计算电离层场向不规则体VHF频段的散射分布及路径损耗等参数, 为VHF散射通信链路的设计、布站提供依据和技术指导.