PHD filters of higher order in target number

The multitarget recursive Bayes nonlinear filter is the theoretically optimal approach to multisensor-multitarget detection, tracking, and identification. For applications in which this filter is appropriate, it is likely to be tractable for only a small number of targets. In earlier papers we derived closed-form equations for an approximation of this filter based on propagation of a first-order multitarget moment called the probability hypothesis density (PHD). In a recent paper, Erdinc, Willett, and Bar-Shalom argued for the need for a PHD-type filter which remains first-order in the states of individual targets, but which is higher-order in target number. In this paper we show that this is indeed possible. We derive a closed-form cardinalized PHD (CPHD) filter, which propagates not only the PHD but also the entire probability distribution on target number.     

300M钢纯洁度磁粉检验磁痕现象的分析

采用交、直流磁粉检验并结合金相试验、电子探针试验及微量元素含量分析的方法，对３００Ｍ钢磁痕现象的本质进行了分析。结果表明，采用磁粉检验方法对航空优质钢进行纯洁度检验是可信的。     

A New Mathematical Formulation for Strapdown Inertial Navigation

A differential equation is developed for the orientation vector relating the body frame to a chosen reference frame. The time derivative of this vector is the sum of the inertially measurable angular velocity vector and of the inertially nonmeasurable noncommutativity rate vector. It is precisely this noncommutativity rate vector that causes the computational problems when numerically integrating the direction cosine matrix. The orientation vector formulation allows the noncommutativity contribution to be isolated and, therefore, treated separately and advantageously. An orientation vector mechanization is presented for a strap down inertial system. Further, an example is given of the applica tion of this formulation to a typical rigid body rotation problem.     

Specification and Performance of Passive Sonar Spectral Estimators

The application of existing estimation theory to the problem of specification and performance of passive sonar spectral estimators is considered. The classification function is addressed, so that the signal is assumed to be present, and so that the energy arrival angle is known. The spatial filter considered is a line array of M equally spaced omnidirectional hydrophones. Signal and ambient noise are both zero-mean, wide-sense, stationary Gaussian random processes that differ in their spatial correlation across the face of the array. The signal is a plane wave that can be made totally spacially corrected between array elements by inserting delays between sensors to invert the signal propagation delay. The noise correlation is a function of frequency, bandwidth, element separation, and the relative time delay between sensors. Under these assumptions, the Cramer-Rao lower bound is derived for the class of unbiased estimates of signal power in a narrow frequency band at the hydrophone in the presence of correlated ambient noise of known power. The bound is examined numerically, resulting in a threshold phenomenon with M that constitutes a new design consideration. In addition, there is a striking insensitivity to realistic values of ambient noise correlation, and there are ranges in signal-to-noise ratio for which one gains more by increasing M than by increasing the bandwidth-time product. Specific processors, including a new unbiased estimator when noise power is unknown, are developed.     

Radar Performance with Multipath Using the Complex Angle

The complex angle (CA) method for resolving a low angle target from its multipath signal is evaluated in the presence of system noise. It is shown that standard deviation improvements of around 3-to-1 can be achieved at a 20-dB signal-to-noise power ratio relative to a normal monopulse system without the CA. It is also shown that the CA method is unbiased, giving bias improvements of as much as 100 times relative to normal monopulse. Evaluation of the assumptions in the technique shows very little sensitivity to knowledge of the reflecting surface's conductivity or dielectric constant. However, the method is somewhat sensitive to knowledge of surface roughness.     

含孔层压板条净截面正应力的近似分析

 本文利用近似分析方法推导含孔层压板条净截面正应力分布和孔边应力集中因子的近似计算公式。与有关文献的试验及本文有限元法计算和试验结果比较,近似公式是满意的。     

利用林胶茶人工群落减弱台风对橡胶林破坏机理的风洞模拟试验研究

本文研究台风登陆时（中性大层结）胶茶人工群落内部及上部风速的变化，湍流结构的变化及阻力的变化，来分析判断基减弱台风破坏的机理，评定最佳防风效果的林胶茶人工群落方案。试验研究证明台风吹向胶茶人工群落，台风越过和穿过林带，由于气流与树冠，枝叶的冲击与摩作用，使台风风速大大降低，使动能大大损失，使原来动能强和湍流弱的较大尺度旋涡的台风，变成旋涡尺度较小的动能弱湍流强的湍流，湍流能量的增强反映了风速递减率     

飞机航炮与支承结构的匹配要求及其设计途径

 在飞机结构动力设计中,航炮与其支承结构的匹配关系是关系着结构设计成败的极重要的问题之一。 通过对地面上支承航炮的板簧系统、对供地面试验用的模型结构及对实际结构的响应计算,可求出航炮与其支承结构相匹配的设计曲线。本文给出了一组可供实际使用的匹配曲线。再利用冲击载荷谱图作为实现匹配设计的技术途径,以期实现最佳的结构设计,从而进一步完善了动力强度设计程序。     

环氧基复合材料的混合模式分层

 采用混合模式弯曲试验研究了Ｔ３００／Ｍ１０和ＨＴＡ／６３７６两种复合材料静态和疲劳加载的分层断裂行为。在不同α／Ｌ比和混合模式比条件下加载,两种材料呈现脆性不稳定或脆性稳定的裂纹扩展。在疲劳加载中,裂纹扩展始终是稳定的。混合模式比对分层韧性、疲劳裂纹扩展速率和疲劳门槛值均有明显影响。     

空气雾化喷嘴内液膜对雾化性能的作用

本文综合归纳数年来对空气雾化喷嘴内液膜厚度特性,液膜表面扰动波动态特性以及这些特性与雾化特性间的关系等方面的研究结果.着重指出在喷嘴唇口附近没有周期性的液流堆积现象,并且指出唇口液流堆积雾化论的问题所在.