The effects of simulated microgravity on cultured chicken embryonic chondrocytes.

Using the cultured chicken embryonic chondrocytes as a model, the effects of simulated microgravity on the microtubular system of the cellular skeleton, extracellular matrix, alkaline phosphatase activity, intracellular free calcium concentration and mitochondrial ATP synthase activity with its oligomycin inhibition rate were studied with a clinostat. The microtubular content was measured by a flow cytometer. The decrease of microtubular content showed the impairment of the cellular skeleton system. Observation on the extracellular matrix by the scanning electron microscopy showed that it decreased significantly after rotating, and the fibers in the extracellular matrix were more tiny and disorderly than that of the control group. It can be concluded that the simulated microgravity can affect the secreting and assembly of the extracellular matrix. In contrast to the control, there was a time course decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity of chondrocytes, a marker of matrix mineralization. Meanwhile a significant drop in the intracellular calcium concentration happened at the beginning of rotation. These results indicate that simulated microgravity can suppress matrix calcification of cultured chondrocytes, and intracellular free calcium may be involved in the regulation of matrix calcification as the second signal transmitter. No significant changes happened in the mitochondrial ATP synthase activity and its oligomycin inhibition rate. Perhaps the energy metabolism wasn't affected by the simulated microgravity. The possible mechanisms about them were discussed.     

中分辨率宽覆盖CCD相机光机热分析

文章对中分辨率宽覆盖CCD相机的光机部分进行了热分析，为光学系统和光机结构热匹配设计提供了设计依据。     

Uniform versus nonuniform sampling when tracking in clutter

Many target tracking subsystems have the ability to schedule their own data rates; essentially they can "order" new information whenever they need it, and the cost is in terms of the sensor resource. But among the unmanaged schemes, uniform sampling, in which a new measurement is requested periodically and regularly, is the most commonly-used sampling scheme; deliberately nonuniform schemes are seldom given serious consideration. In this paper, however, we show that such schemes may have been discarded prematurely: a nonuniform sampling can have its benefits. Specifically, the nonuniform and uniform sampling schemes are compared for two kind of trackers: the probabilistic data association filter (PDAF), which updates its track based on a single scan of information at a time; and N-D assignment (an optimization-based implementation of the multi-hypothesis tracker (MHT)), in which the sliding window involves many scans of observations. We find that given the ground rule of maintenance of the same overall scan rate (i.e., the same sensor effort) uniform sampling is always optimal for the single-scan tracker in the sense of track life. However, nonuniform sampling can outperform uniform sampling if a more sophisticated multi-scan tracker is used, particularly when 1) the target has a high process noise, and/or 2) the false alarm density is high, and/or 3) the probability of detection is high.     

航天科研单位绩效考核体系探讨

文章对航天科研单位的绩效考核体系的现状进行深入地分析，总结出绩效考核落后的几点原因，并在此基础上提出改进措施。     

The accuracy of ionogram-derived N(h) profiles

At the Millstone Hill station the Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR) and a Digisonde 256 are simultaneously operating. Some characteristic true heights determined by both instruments are compared with each other, possible reasons for observed difference are indicated.     

雅江峡谷里飘出的悠远牧歌

如黛的森林包围着绒毯一般的草地,散落其中的牛羊,随处可见的玛尼堆和褪色的五彩经幡……初看雅江,似乎与川西高原的任一处别无二致。然而细细深入,在雅砻江以东的祝桑乡地区,小木窗上绘着美丽图案的石头民居,温软动听的语言,以及悠扬雅致的锅庄……一切都体现出古老神秘的木雅文化所特有的母性亲近感;而以西160多公里的西俄洛乡却处处牧歌豪放,一派典型的康巴画卷。只要你探身而入,雅江的自然与人文之美自会让你沉醉。     

X-rays from the first massive black holes

X-ray studies of high-redshift (z > 4) active galaxies have advanced substantially over the past few years, largely due to results from the new generation of X-ray observatories. As of this writing X-ray emission has been detected from nearly 60 high-redshift active galaxies. This paper reviews the observational results and their implications for models of the first massive black holes, and it discusses future prospects for the field.     

Machine vision monitoring of plant health.

Techniques and algorithms to detect and diagnose disorders in plants grown in a controlled environment have been developed. A video camera senses features of plants which are indicative of disorders. Images are calibrated for size and color variations by using calibration templates. Different image segmentation techniques for separating object from background, have been implemented. Plant size and color properties have been investigated, temporal, spectral and spatial variation of leaves were extracted from the segmented images. Neural network and statistical classifiers were used to determine plant condition.     

国外光电对抗技术发展综述

介绍了近期国外光电对抗技术的发展,包括导弹光电告警器、光电干扰技术和装备、光电对抗仿真试验系统等方面。     

Comments on "Unbiased converted measurements for tracking"

We show that there exists a compatibility problem in the derivation of the mean and covariance of the converted measurement errors in L. Mo et al. (ibid., vol.34, no.3, p.1023-7, 1998), and then present a modification to the computation of them, in which both the mean and the covariance are computed strictly conditioned on the measurements.