ADS-B技术介绍

ADS-B由于给飞行人员和空中交通服务都提供了新的监视能力，而被视为在未来ATM环境中具有关键应用数据链的潜力。     

恒幅及飞行模拟载荷下厚度对裂纹增长的影响

不同厚度试样的疲劳裂纹扩展试验及断口微观分析表明,恒幅加载低应力比飞行模拟载荷条件下具有明显的厚度影响。考查了模型对厚度影响的预测能力。Newman的模型具有预测厚度影响的潜力,广义改进的wellenborg模型不含有厚度影响的考虑,即使通过调整约束系数α的方法也不能计及厚度的影响。厚度对裂纹增长影响的物理原因及模型化有待于进一步研究。     

Cone model-based SEP event calculations for applications to multipoint observations

The problem of modeling solar energetic particle (SEP) events is important to both space weather research and forecasting, and yet it has seen relatively little progress. Most important SEP events are associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that drive coronal and interplanetary shocks. These shocks can continuously produce accelerated particles from the ambient medium to well beyond 1 AU. This paper describes an effort to model real SEP events using a Center for Integrated Space weather Modeling (CISM) MHD solar wind simulation including a cone model of CMEs to initiate the related shocks. In addition to providing observation-inspired shock geometry and characteristics, this MHD simulation describes the time-dependent observer field line connections to the shock source. As a first approximation, we assume a shock jump-parameterized source strength and spectrum, and that scatter-free transport occurs outside of the shock source, thus emphasizing the role the shock evolution plays in determining the modeled SEP event profile. Three halo CME events on May 12, 1997, November 4, 1997 and December 13, 2006 are used to test the modeling approach. While challenges arise in the identification and characterization of the shocks in the MHD model results, this approach illustrates the importance to SEP event modeling of globally simulating the underlying heliospheric event. The results also suggest the potential utility of such a model for forcasting and for interpretation of separated multipoint measurements such as those expected from the STEREO mission.     

ULF/ELF ionospheric electric field and plasma perturbations related to Chile earthquakes

ULF/ELF electric field perturbations in the ionosphere have been widely observed by the satellites. In this paper, we develop a method of Logarithm Electric Field Intensity (LEFI) to automatically distinguish this kind of disturbances based on the spectrum intensity and its damping exponent with frequency in electromagnetic signals. This method is applied to DEMETER data processing around Chile earthquakes with magnitude larger than 6.0. It is found that 2/3 earthquakes have shown obvious ULF/ELF electric field perturbations in this region. The temporal and spatial distributions of electron density and temperature were compared with that of electric field, which proved the existence of irregularities above epicentral area. Finally, the coupling mechanism of earthquake-ionosphere is discussed based on multi-parameter analysis.     

“世界第一教育” 探索高校变革与创新竞争

似曾相识的大学合并Acquainted merger of universities通常对芬兰教育的了解,多半都停留在"世界第一教育"的光辉业绩上:一个只有520万人口的国家,却拥有20所大学和19所技术大学,教育投资占国内生产总值的6.2%;芬兰中学生在"国际学生评量计划"中长期领先;它的高等教育,几乎被每一届世界经     

Numerically robust implementation of multiple-model algorithms

Standard implementation of multiple-model (MM) estimation algorithms may suffer from numerical problems, especially numerical underflows, which occur when the true model is vastly different from one or more models used in the algorithm. This may be devastating to the performance of the MM algorithm. Numerical robust implementations of some of the most popular MM algorithms are presented. Simulation results are provided to verify the proposed implementation and to compare with the implementations with a lower bound     

The gravitational field and brain function.

The frontal cortex is recognized as the highest adaptive control center of the human brain. The principle of the "frontalization" of human brain function offers new possibilities for brain research in space. There is evolutionary and experimental evidence indicating the validity of the principle, including it's role in nervous response to gravitational stimulation. The gravitational field is considered here as one of the more constant and comprehensive factors acting on brain evolution, which has undergone some successive crucial steps: "encephalization", "corticalization", "lateralization" and "frontalization". The dominating effects of electrical responses from the frontal cortex have been discovered 1) in experiments under gravitational stimulus; and 2) in processes potentially relating to gravitational adaptation, such as memory and learning, sensory information processing, motor programing, and brain state control. A brain research experiment during space flight is suggested to test the role of the frontal cortex in space adaptation and it's potentiality in brain control.     

The darboux point and the conjugate point on optimal deorbit for reentry trajectories

The concept of the Darboux point at which an extremal loses its global optimality is extended to the case of discontinuous control. Using Contensou's domain of maneuverability, the condition for optimal switching at a corner is derived and the optimality of the trajectory in the neighborhood of a Darboux point is analyzed. The theory is applied to the problems of minimum-fuel planar and noncoplanar deorbit from elliptical orbits for atmospheric entry at a prescribed angle. In each case, the global optimal trajectory is assessed and it is found that in these nonlinear problems the Darboux point and the conjugate point are distinct. The global optimality is always lost before local optimality.     

Effectiveness of the likelihood function in logic-based trackformation

A logic-based track formation procedure was presented by C.B. Chang et al. (1984). In addition to the conventional gating logic, it utilized the negative log-likelihood function (goodness of fit or sum of residuals) to further reduce the false track acceptance probability. An analytical technique for the evaluation of the effectiveness of this reduction is presented. The exact solution in closed form and a Gaussian approximation are given and compared. It is shown that the goodness of fit provides an additional reduction of the false track acceptance probability by a factor of two to three     

固体火箭发动机喷管烧穿故障的试验分析

根据某大型固体火箭发动机在地面试车喷管扩散段前部的烧穿故障的诊断，认为喷管的内型面半径对轴线的导函数在型面衔接点处不连续是导致烧穿故障的直接原因，通过对比模拟试验得到证实。又通过对原型喷管的Ｎ－Ｓ方程计算，发现在型面衔接处有漩涡存在，与最初分析的速度转折点的道理相一致，从而确诊故障。最后，提出型面设计的改进建议，即以余弦曲线代替圆弧曲面，使衔接点处导函数连接，可大大减弱冲刷烧蚀作用，从而避免烧穿。