A comprehensive numerical model examining the thermal performance of airships

A novel computational model for analyzing the airship’s transient thermal performance under different environmental conditions was developed. Radiative heat transfer and natural convection inside the airship were modeled using the control volume method. The Semi-Implicit Method aiming at the Pressure-Linked Equations algorithm was adopted to solve the control equations. Such approach was able to take into account the solar irradiative heat flux, the infrared radiation at different locations, and the convection both inside and outside the airship. The simulation results, showing the detailed distributions of temperature and velocity on the envelope and inside the airship, were in good agreement with the experimental measurements. The influences of solar position and material radiative properties on temperature distribution, as well as natural convective flow inside airship, were further simulated and discussed.     

On joint track initiation and parameter estimation under measurement origin uncertainty

The problem of joint detection and estimation for track initiation under measurement origin uncertainty is studied. The two well-known approaches, namely the maximum likelihood estimator with probabilistic data association (ML-PDA) and the multiple hypotheses tracking (MHT) via multiframe assignment, are characterized as special cases of the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) and their performance limits indicated. A new detection scheme based on the optimal gating is proposed and the associated parameter estimation scheme modified within the ML-PDA framework. A simplified example shows the effectiveness of the new algorithm in detection performance under heavy clutter. Extension of the results to state estimation with measurement origin uncertainty is also discussed with emphasis on joint detection and recursive state estimation.     

不同形状弹头的导弹目标雷达散射截面的计算

对处于高频区的导弹目标的电磁散射特性进行了研究分析,综合运用各种高频方法,计算了三种典型形状弹头的飞航导弹目标的雷达散射截面,并经过了文献中给出的测量结果的验证。最后,依据仿真结果对如何实现导弹目标隐身的措施进行了讨论。     

Multiple-model estimation with variable structure- part VI: expected-mode augmentation

A new class of variable-structure (VS) algorithms for multiple-model (MM) estimation is presented, referred to as expected-mode augmentation (EMA). In the EMA approach, the original set of models is augmented by a variable set of models intended to match the expected value of the unknown true mode. These models are generated adaptively in real time as (globally or locally) probabilistically weighted sums of mode estimates over the model set. This makes it possible to cover a large continuous mode space by a relatively small number of models at a given accuracy level. The paper presents new theoretical results for model-set design, a general formulation of the EMA approach, along with theoretical analysis and justification, and three algorithms for its practical implementation. The performance of the proposed EMA algorithms is evaluated via simulation of a generic maneuvering target tracking problem.     

ADS-B技术介绍

ADS-B由于给飞行人员和空中交通服务都提供了新的监视能力，而被视为在未来ATM环境中具有关键应用数据链的潜力。     

恒幅及飞行模拟载荷下厚度对裂纹增长的影响

不同厚度试样的疲劳裂纹扩展试验及断口微观分析表明,恒幅加载低应力比飞行模拟载荷条件下具有明显的厚度影响。考查了模型对厚度影响的预测能力。Newman的模型具有预测厚度影响的潜力,广义改进的wellenborg模型不含有厚度影响的考虑,即使通过调整约束系数α的方法也不能计及厚度的影响。厚度对裂纹增长影响的物理原因及模型化有待于进一步研究。     

亚声速条件下总压探针临壁效应的数值研究

本文基于数值模拟的方法,研究了四种不同结构 (A型、B型、C型、D型)的总压探针在不同近壁距离条件下对流场及自身总压测量值造成的影响,并将数值模拟结果与文献实验结果对比。结果表明：相对近壁距离c/d越小,造成总压探针头部气流偏转角误差越大,总压探针的测量误差越大,总压损失系数最大值小于1%;当c/d>3,总压损失系数趋近于0,说明近壁距离大于3倍探针外径时临壁效应消失;在同一工况下,四种结构的总压探针测量值受到临壁效应的影响依次增大;被测流场流动均匀性减小,靠近总压探针支杆后方速度均匀度最小。     

Cone model-based SEP event calculations for applications to multipoint observations

The problem of modeling solar energetic particle (SEP) events is important to both space weather research and forecasting, and yet it has seen relatively little progress. Most important SEP events are associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that drive coronal and interplanetary shocks. These shocks can continuously produce accelerated particles from the ambient medium to well beyond 1 AU. This paper describes an effort to model real SEP events using a Center for Integrated Space weather Modeling (CISM) MHD solar wind simulation including a cone model of CMEs to initiate the related shocks. In addition to providing observation-inspired shock geometry and characteristics, this MHD simulation describes the time-dependent observer field line connections to the shock source. As a first approximation, we assume a shock jump-parameterized source strength and spectrum, and that scatter-free transport occurs outside of the shock source, thus emphasizing the role the shock evolution plays in determining the modeled SEP event profile. Three halo CME events on May 12, 1997, November 4, 1997 and December 13, 2006 are used to test the modeling approach. While challenges arise in the identification and characterization of the shocks in the MHD model results, this approach illustrates the importance to SEP event modeling of globally simulating the underlying heliospheric event. The results also suggest the potential utility of such a model for forcasting and for interpretation of separated multipoint measurements such as those expected from the STEREO mission.     

ULF/ELF ionospheric electric field and plasma perturbations related to Chile earthquakes

ULF/ELF electric field perturbations in the ionosphere have been widely observed by the satellites. In this paper, we develop a method of Logarithm Electric Field Intensity (LEFI) to automatically distinguish this kind of disturbances based on the spectrum intensity and its damping exponent with frequency in electromagnetic signals. This method is applied to DEMETER data processing around Chile earthquakes with magnitude larger than 6.0. It is found that 2/3 earthquakes have shown obvious ULF/ELF electric field perturbations in this region. The temporal and spatial distributions of electron density and temperature were compared with that of electric field, which proved the existence of irregularities above epicentral area. Finally, the coupling mechanism of earthquake-ionosphere is discussed based on multi-parameter analysis.     

“世界第一教育” 探索高校变革与创新竞争

似曾相识的大学合并Acquainted merger of universities通常对芬兰教育的了解,多半都停留在"世界第一教育"的光辉业绩上:一个只有520万人口的国家,却拥有20所大学和19所技术大学,教育投资占国内生产总值的6.2%;芬兰中学生在"国际学生评量计划"中长期领先;它的高等教育,几乎被每一届世界经