太阳电池阵枪式微型电阻焊接系统设计与分析

太阳电池阵枪式微型电阻焊接系统,采用电阻点焊的方法,辅以自动化操作,控制系统设有机器视觉监控可实时监控焊接情况。焊后对焊点进行金相分析,焊点界面结合紧密,无局部未焊合或虚焊、微裂纹、孔洞等明显缺陷,焊点综合性能佳。该焊接系统的研制对实现太阳电池阵的高效自动化组装和焊接,提高太阳电池阵焊点的承载能力、极端温度下的力学性能、可靠性、导电性等具有重要意义。     

GRACE gravity field modeling with an investigation on correlation between nuisance parameters and gravity field coefficients

The GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) monthly gravity models have been independently produced and published by several research institutions, such as Center for Space Research (CSR), GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and Delft Institute of Earth Observation and Space Systems (DEOS). According to their processing standards, above institutions use the traditional variational approach except that the DEOS exploits the acceleration approach. The background force models employed are rather similar. The produced gravity field models generally agree with one another in the spatial pattern. However, there are some discrepancies in the gravity signal amplitude between solutions produced by different institutions. In particular, 10%–30% signal amplitude differences in some river basins can be observed. In this paper, we implemented a variant of the traditional variational approach and computed two sets of monthly gravity field solutions using the data from January 2005 to December 2006. The input data are K-band range-rates (KBRR) and kinematic orbits of GRACE satellites. The main difference in the production of our two types of models is how to deal with nuisance parameters. This type of parameters is necessary to absorb low-frequency errors in the data, which are mainly the aliasing and instrument errors. One way is to remove the nuisance parameters before estimating the geopotential coefficients, called NPARB approach in the paper. The other way is to estimate the nuisance parameters and geopotential coefficients simultaneously, called NPESS approach. These two types of solutions mainly differ in geopotential coefficients from degree 2 to 5. This can be explained by the fact that the nuisance parameters and the gravity field coefficients are highly correlated, particularly at low degrees. We compare these solutions with the official and published ones by means of spectral analysis. It is found that our solutions are, in general, consistent with others in the spatial pattern. The water storage variations of the Amazon, Chari and Ganges river basins have also been computed. The variations computed with the NPARB approach are closer to those produced by JPL and DEOS solutions, while the variations produced with the NPESS approach are in good agreement with those produced by the CSR and GFZ solutions. A simulation study is implemented with considering realistic noise and low-frequency error. The two approaches are used to recover the true model. The NPESS solution appears closer to the true one. Therefore we are inclined to estimate the nuisance parameters simultaneously with the geopential coefficients.     

可靠性设计优化的球空间设计法

可靠性设计优化（RBDO）在航空航天等领域已经被广泛应用,具有显著提高可靠性的效果;然而它包含两个迭代循环-总体优化循环和可靠性分析循环,双循环求解方法效率低下甚至难以承受。本文提出一种可以提高可靠性设计优化求解效率的方法-球空间设计法,该方法可以方便地表达搜索区域,最大可能失效点可以从极值点处精确获取;同时,该方法可以将总体优化以及可靠性分析同步进行。本文所提出的球空间法的有效性将通过2个算例进行测试,测试结果表明该方法不仅精度与同类方法持平,求解效率有明显提升,它将会对提高航空航天装备如卫星、火箭、飞行器等产品的可靠性提供更为有效的方法和技术支持。     

轴对称突扩直管流场计算

本文是为喷管喉部沉积问题的研究而进行的喷管突扩流场研究工作的一部分,重点研究了产生突扩流效应的轴对称直管流场.在等粘度和k-ε紊流模型下,分别计算了三种速度分布下的流场,和国内外相关实验结果及Spalding,D.B.的计算结果进行比较,取得了满意的结果.同时考察了动边界下流场的变化,实现了突扩流效应的理论预测.本文考察了SIMPLE方法.在源项处理、方程的非线性、方程的解法等方面做了分析研究和计算工作,解决了一些具体应用问题.     

应用端弯叶片增加压气机喘振裕度

本文介绍了某型高压压气机考虑端壁附面层影响改进设计的端弯叶片,试验证明:喘振裕度增加7.3％,效率提高4.1％,流量、压比变化很小。飞行试验证明:解决了空中停车问题,在飞行包线内能保证可靠稳定工作,发动机和飞机性能都有较大的提高。     

高硅氧增强塑料烧蚀模型中热解层厚度的探讨

通过小型实验固体火箭发动机的多次热试车,对喷管扩散段截面上高硅氧酚醛材料的色变厚度进行了观察,对该截面上材料采用红外光谱成份分析和导电性测量,确认了热解层厚度与碳化层厚度具有相同的数量级,可达2.5mm左右.因此,在作高硅氧酚醛喷管材料的烧蚀与温度场计算时,不宜采用热解面模型,而应采用热解层模型.     

粘性跨音速喷管流场计算

本文继用隐式近似因子分解法成功地计算无粘跨音速喷管流场之后,用同样的方法,结合任意曲线坐标系,通过非定常方程在相当长时间后的定常解,针对矩形截面喷管和轴对称喷管粘性跨音速流场,求解了可压缩层流薄层N-S方程,获得了核心流,特别是边界层中的流动参数.对于矩形截面和轴对称两种喷管进行了计算,其结果和实验数据相当一致.将本文的方法应用到粘性两相流动计算,可望较多的节省机时.     

基于一种新的均匀化实施方法的FRP刚度预测

基于一种新的渐近均匀化(AH)实施方法,预测并讨论了单向纤维增强复合材料(FRP)的宏观等效弹性性能及纤维排列方式对等效力学性能的影响。该方法方便地将有限元分析(FEA)软件作为一个工具箱使用,只需在单胞上施加简单位移周期边界条件开展静力学分析,即可经过简单计算得到等效弹性常数,相比传统均匀化实施方法显著降低了实施难度并简化了计算过程。通过对比不同数值方法的结果验证了该方法的有效性和精确性。数值结果表明:六边形排列下单向纤维增强复合材料呈现横观各向同性,而正方形排列下则呈现宏观正交各向异性,经过刚度平均化过程可得到横观各向异性材料性质,纤维体积含量对两种排列方式下材料等效弹性模量影响显著但有所差别。     

一种铝锂合金搅拌摩擦焊接头力学性能及微观组织研究

研究了C24S-T8铝锂合金搅拌摩擦焊接头力学性能及微观组织。通过焊接工艺参数的优化,获得了无孔洞缺陷、焊缝质量优异的接头,强度系数约82%。拉伸时塑性变形及断裂集中于焊缝处。基材晶粒呈薄饼状,沿轧制方向拉长;焊核区为细小等轴的再结晶晶粒,平均晶粒尺寸约2.3μm,大部分晶界是大于15°的大角度晶界;热机影响区的晶粒在焊接过程中发生了偏转和变形。C24S-T8铝锂合金基材强化相包括T1相(Al2CuLi)、θ’相(Al2Cu)和S’相(Al2CuMg);热机影响区及焊核区内强化相完全溶解,造成硬度下降。     

影响某型燃机转子轴向力关键因素分析

燃气轮机转子的轴向力是燃机总体设计的重要指标之一。为了研究影响轴向力的因素,针对某型燃机,通过建立轴向力仿真平台,计算不同装机状态燃机的轴向力载荷,并结合大量整机试车与轴向力实测数据,分析影响该载荷的关键因素。研究与实测表明：运行工况、涡轮导向器喉道面积、封严结构等均构成影响轴向力的关键因素;调整封严直径、喉道面积可以大范围地调整转子轴向力,调整封严间隙值能对轴向力进行微小的调整。